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    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures on the Hematopoietic, Reticuloendothelial and Lymphatic SystemCPT cpt-78140-liver-spleen-radiolabeled-red-blood-cell-scan
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    CPT 78140: Liver and Spleen Scan with Radiolabeled Red Blood Cells

    Medicare pays $76 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 78140 describes a diagnostic nuclear medicine procedure in which the provider images the liver and spleen after injecting the patient with the patient’s own red blood cells tagged with a radiopharmaceutical; the service type is a nuclear medicine red blood cell (RBC) scan for liver and spleen imaging, and the typical site of service is an outpatient radiology or nuclear medicine department where patient injection and sequential imaging are performed.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysis, Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family Plans, Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage Criteria.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 58-year-old patient with chronic anemia and unexplained splenomegaly is referred for a radionuclide red blood cell (RBC) study of the liver and spleen to evaluate for occult splenic sequestration and to quantify splenic function. The nuclear medicine team schedules the patient for autologous RBC labeling with a radiopharmaceutical (typically technetium-99m) followed by planar and/or SPECT imaging of the hepatic-splenic region. The workflow includes pre-procedure verification, blood draw for in-vitro or in-vivo RBC tagging, radiotracer incubation, reinjection of the labeled RBCs, serial imaging at specified time points, image processing, and interpretation.

    Indications include investigation of suspected splenic sequestration in hemolytic anemias, localization of accessory spleen tissue, evaluation of post-splenectomy residual splenic tissue, and differentiation of focal hepatic lesions from splenic tissue. Typical personnel include a nuclear medicine physician (interpretation), nuclear medicine technologist (labeling and imaging), and nursing staff (venipuncture and patient monitoring). The typical site of service is an outpatient imaging center or hospital nuclear medicine department, with the procedure billed using the radionuclide liver-spleen RBC study code 78140.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    78140Liver and spleen study using autologous tagged red blood cellsPrimary procedure: radionuclide labeling of patient's RBCs and imaging of liver and spleen.
    78830Particle imaging (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding)May be used in evaluation of active GI bleeding with labeled RBCs; different study focus but similar radiopharmaceutical techniques.
    93010Rhythm monitoring during procedures (not nuclear)Typically unrelated; included only when cardiac monitoring is performed for patient safety during the imaging session.
    A9526Technetium Tc-99m medronate diagnostic radiopharmaceutical (note: A-codes are HCPCS)Radiopharmaceutical supply codes may be billed in conjunction with nuclear procedures depending on payer rules.
    78266Liver/spleen imaging other radionuclide studiesAlternative or adjunct radionuclide liver/spleen studies depending on protocol and imaging technique.

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    364S00000X
    3336C0002X
    207L00000X
    207VG0400X
    273Y00000X
    261QV0200X
    208VP0014X
    261QP2400X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    29 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    B18.9Chronic viral hepatitis, unspecified
    B19.9Unspecified viral hepatitis without hepatic coma
    C22.0Liver cell carcinoma
    C22.9Malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary
    C78.7Secondary malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile duct
    D47.9Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue, unspecified
    D50.9Iron deficiency anemia, unspecified
    D57.819Other sickle-cell disorders with crisis, unspecified
    D61.9Aplastic anemia, unspecified
    D64.9Anemia, unspecified

    Showing 1–10 of 29

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Nephrology1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysisCigna2026-08-15
    Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family PlansCigna2026-08-15
    Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage CriteriaBlue Cross Blue Shield - Iowa2026-08-05
    Voyxact (sibeprenlimab-szsl) — Prior authorization / medical necessity for primary IgA nephropathyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Oxlumo (lumasiran) and Rivfloza (nedosiran) — Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Korsuva (difelikefalin) — Medical Benefit Drug Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Complement Inhibitors - EmpaveliCigna2026-08-01
    Tolvaptan (Jynarque)Cigna2026-08-01
    Nephrology - Filspari (sparsentan) coverageCigna2026-08-01
    Rivfloza (nedosiran) prior authorization for PH1UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-78102-LIMITED-AREA-BONE-IMAGING-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78102: Limited-Area Bone Imaging (Nuclear Medicine)

    CPT-78103-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-BONE-SCAN

    CPT 78103: Multisite Bone Scintigraphy (Nuclear Medicine)

    CPT-78104-WHOLE-BODY-BONE-SCAN

    CPT 78104: Whole-Body Radionuclide Skeletal Scan

    CPT-78110-SINGLE-SAMPLE-PLASMA-VOLUME-DETERMINATION

    CPT 78110: Single-Sample Radioisotope Plasma Volume Determination

    CPT-78111-PLASMA-VOLUME-MULTIPLE-SAMPLE-METHOD

    CPT 78111: Plasma Volume Determination, Multiple Sample Method

    CPT-78120-RADIOLABELED-SINGLE-SAMPLE-RED-CELL-VOLUME

    CPT 78120: Single-Sample Radioisotope Red Cell Volume Determination

    CPT-78121-RED-CELL-VOLUME-MULTIPLE-SAMPLE-METHOD

    CPT 78121: Red Cell Volume by Multiple-Sample Radioisotope Method

    CPT-78122-WHOLE-BLOOD-VOLUME-STUDY-ISOTOPE-DILUTION

    CPT 78122: Whole Blood Volume Study by Isotope Dilution

    CPT-78130-RED-BLOOD-CELL-SURVIVAL-STUDY-AUTOLOGOUS-RADIOLABEL

    CPT 78130: Red Blood Cell Lifespan Study, Radiolabeled Autologous RBC

    CPT-78185-SPLEEN-RADIONUCLIDE-SCAN-SPLENIC-IMAGING

    CPT 78185: Radionuclide Spleen Study for Size/Position and Lesion Detection

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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