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    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures on the Hematopoietic, Reticuloendothelial and Lymphatic SystemCPT cpt-78110-single-sample-plasma-volume-determination
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    CPT 78110: Single-Sample Radioisotope Plasma Volume Determination

    Medicare pays $49 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 78110 describes a single-sample radioisotope plasma volume determination, a diagnostic nuclear medicine procedure in which a known quantity of radioactive tracer is injected and the plasma concentration is measured after mixing to calculate plasma volume; service type: diagnostic nuclear medicine / radiopharmaceutical study; typical site of service: hospital outpatient department or nuclear medicine clinic.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysis, Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family Plans, Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage Criteria.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 58-year-old male with chronic liver disease and refractory ascites is referred for plasma volume determination to evaluate intravascular volume status prior to large-volume paracentesis and consideration for vasopressor therapy. The nuclear medicine department schedules a single-sample plasma volume study using a radioisotope-labeled tracer. On arrival the patient undergoes verification of identity and consent, assessment for recent contrast or isotope exposure, and review of medications that could affect plasma volume. A registered nuclear medicine technologist obtains an initial blood sample, the provider injects a calibrated dose of the radioactive tracer intravenously, and after adequate mixing time a timed single blood sample is drawn. The sample is sent to the on-site laboratory or counted in a gamma counter to measure tracer concentration. The reporting physician interprets the calculated plasma volume in the clinical context, documenting technique, isotope used, injected activity, time of sampling, calculations, and the result in the medical record. Results are used to guide fluid management decisions such as diuretic dosing, transfusion strategy, or procedural planning.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    78110Determination of plasma volume, single sample method using radioisotopePrimary procedure for single-sample plasma volume measurement
    79005Thermoplastic radiopharmaceutical localization of tumor/metabolites (e.g., organ/region)May be performed in the same nuclear medicine session when additional radiotracer studies are ordered
    36415Collection of venous blood by venipunctureOften performed immediately before and after tracer administration for sample collection
    78120Determination of blood volume, single sample methodRelated nuclear medicine blood volume study sometimes ordered alongside plasma volume
    94799Unlisted pulmonary service/procedureOccasionally used for unusual or combined physiologic measurements not otherwise specified
    99070Supplies and materials (e.g., radiopharmaceutical) used during the procedure, billed separatelySupports billing for proprietary tracers, syringes, and counting supplies when applicable

    Related Modifiers

    7 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207K00000X
    2084P0800X
    363A00000X
    363L00000X
    193200000X
    2080P1004X
    163WA2000X
    2080B0002X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Nephrology1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysisCigna2026-08-15
    Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family PlansCigna2026-08-15
    Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage CriteriaBlue Cross Blue Shield - Iowa2026-08-05
    Voyxact (sibeprenlimab-szsl) — Prior authorization / medical necessity for primary IgA nephropathyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Oxlumo (lumasiran) and Rivfloza (nedosiran) — Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Korsuva (difelikefalin) — Medical Benefit Drug Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Complement Inhibitors - EmpaveliCigna2026-08-01
    Tolvaptan (Jynarque)Cigna2026-08-01
    Nephrology - Filspari (sparsentan) coverageCigna2026-08-01
    Rivfloza (nedosiran) prior authorization for PH1UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-78102-LIMITED-AREA-BONE-IMAGING-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78102: Limited-Area Bone Imaging (Nuclear Medicine)

    CPT-78103-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-BONE-SCAN

    CPT 78103: Multisite Bone Scintigraphy (Nuclear Medicine)

    CPT-78104-WHOLE-BODY-BONE-SCAN

    CPT 78104: Whole-Body Radionuclide Skeletal Scan

    CPT-78111-PLASMA-VOLUME-MULTIPLE-SAMPLE-METHOD

    CPT 78111: Plasma Volume Determination, Multiple Sample Method

    CPT-78120-RADIOLABELED-SINGLE-SAMPLE-RED-CELL-VOLUME

    CPT 78120: Single-Sample Radioisotope Red Cell Volume Determination

    CPT-78121-RED-CELL-VOLUME-MULTIPLE-SAMPLE-METHOD

    CPT 78121: Red Cell Volume by Multiple-Sample Radioisotope Method

    CPT-78122-WHOLE-BLOOD-VOLUME-STUDY-ISOTOPE-DILUTION

    CPT 78122: Whole Blood Volume Study by Isotope Dilution

    CPT-78130-RED-BLOOD-CELL-SURVIVAL-STUDY-AUTOLOGOUS-RADIOLABEL

    CPT 78130: Red Blood Cell Lifespan Study, Radiolabeled Autologous RBC

    CPT-78140-LIVER-SPLEEN-RADIOLABELED-RED-BLOOD-CELL-SCAN

    CPT 78140: Liver and Spleen Scan with Radiolabeled Red Blood Cells

    CPT-78185-SPLEEN-RADIONUCLIDE-SCAN-SPLENIC-IMAGING

    CPT 78185: Radionuclide Spleen Study for Size/Position and Lesion Detection

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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