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    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures on the Hematopoietic, Reticuloendothelial and Lymphatic SystemCPT cpt-78111-plasma-volume-multiple-sample-method
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    CPT 78111: Plasma Volume Determination, Multiple Sample Method

    Medicare pays $67 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 78111 describes a plasma volume determination by multiple sample method in which a known quantity of radioactive tracer is introduced into the bloodstream and serial blood samples are collected after mixing to calculate plasma volume; this nuclear medicine diagnostic test is typically performed in an outpatient nuclear medicine department, hospital radiology/nuclear medicine suite, or specialized diagnostic laboratory and is categorized as a procedural measurement of blood volume for clinical assessment of blood disorders or fluid management.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysis, Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family Plans, Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage Criteria.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease and complex fluid management is referred from nephrology for a plasma volume determination to help quantify intravascular volume status prior to planning dialysis modality and assessing need for ultrafiltration. The patient arrives fasting to the nuclear medicine outpatient clinic. The procedure workflow includes verification of orders and informed consent, review of recent medications (anticoagulants, IV fluids), and IV access placement. A measured quantity of a radiolabeled plasma tracer is injected intravenously. Multiple timed blood samples are drawn from a contralateral venous site over a defined interval after mixing to measure tracer concentration. Samples are processed by the clinical laboratory and counts are used to calculate plasma volume. Results are reviewed by the ordering nephrologist to guide volume management and dialysis planning. Typical site of service is an outpatient nuclear medicine department, hospital-based radiology or clinical laboratory area, or an ambulatory infusion center with nuclear medicine capability.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    78201Radiopharmaceutical localization of damaged myocardium (single study)Not directly related; example nuclear medicine quantitative study often performed in same department for patients with comorbid cardiac evaluation
    78320Nuclear medicine quantitative studies, blood volume measurement, multiple samplesClosely related physiologic measurement; alternative or complementary blood volume study that may be ordered alongside plasma volume determination
    36415Collection of venous blood by venipunctureCommonly performed before and during the plasma volume study for sample collection
    99000Handling and/or conveyance of specimens for transfer from patient to laboratoryUsed when special handling of radiolabeled blood samples is required (note: reimbursement and acceptance varies)
    G0266Duplicate specimen handling (Medicare)May apply to complex processing of multiple timed samples for plasma volume calculations

    Related Modifiers

    11 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
    81Modifier -81 indicates a physician served as a minimal assistant surgeon for part—not all—of an operative procedure. Use when a physician’s assisting role is limited and does not represent full…- Use CPT modifier -81 when a physician acts as a minimum assistant surgeon who assists during only part (a limited portion) of an operative procedure; append -81 to the primary surgical CPT code to…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…

    Showing 1–10 of 11

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207L00000X
    2084N0400X
    207R00000X
    363LA2200X
    376J00000X
    2084N0402X
    163WW0000X
    364SH1100X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Nephrology1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysisCigna2026-08-15
    Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family PlansCigna2026-08-15
    Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage CriteriaBlue Cross Blue Shield - Iowa2026-08-05
    Voyxact (sibeprenlimab-szsl) — Prior authorization / medical necessity for primary IgA nephropathyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Oxlumo (lumasiran) and Rivfloza (nedosiran) — Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Korsuva (difelikefalin) — Medical Benefit Drug Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Complement Inhibitors - EmpaveliCigna2026-08-01
    Tolvaptan (Jynarque)Cigna2026-08-01
    Nephrology - Filspari (sparsentan) coverageCigna2026-08-01
    Rivfloza (nedosiran) prior authorization for PH1UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-78102-LIMITED-AREA-BONE-IMAGING-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78102: Limited-Area Bone Imaging (Nuclear Medicine)

    CPT-78103-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-BONE-SCAN

    CPT 78103: Multisite Bone Scintigraphy (Nuclear Medicine)

    CPT-78104-WHOLE-BODY-BONE-SCAN

    CPT 78104: Whole-Body Radionuclide Skeletal Scan

    CPT-78110-SINGLE-SAMPLE-PLASMA-VOLUME-DETERMINATION

    CPT 78110: Single-Sample Radioisotope Plasma Volume Determination

    CPT-78120-RADIOLABELED-SINGLE-SAMPLE-RED-CELL-VOLUME

    CPT 78120: Single-Sample Radioisotope Red Cell Volume Determination

    CPT-78121-RED-CELL-VOLUME-MULTIPLE-SAMPLE-METHOD

    CPT 78121: Red Cell Volume by Multiple-Sample Radioisotope Method

    CPT-78122-WHOLE-BLOOD-VOLUME-STUDY-ISOTOPE-DILUTION

    CPT 78122: Whole Blood Volume Study by Isotope Dilution

    CPT-78130-RED-BLOOD-CELL-SURVIVAL-STUDY-AUTOLOGOUS-RADIOLABEL

    CPT 78130: Red Blood Cell Lifespan Study, Radiolabeled Autologous RBC

    CPT-78140-LIVER-SPLEEN-RADIOLABELED-RED-BLOOD-CELL-SCAN

    CPT 78140: Liver and Spleen Scan with Radiolabeled Red Blood Cells

    CPT-78185-SPLEEN-RADIONUCLIDE-SCAN-SPLENIC-IMAGING

    CPT 78185: Radionuclide Spleen Study for Size/Position and Lesion Detection

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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