| Suresh et al (2006) | Cohort n=20 | Dry needling + autologous blood injection showed decreased VAS and Nirschl scores at follow-up (significant reductions). |
| Connell et al (2006) | Cohort n=35 | Significant reductions in Nirschl and VAS for lateral epicondylitis at 6 months; sonographic improvements noted. |
| Kazemi et al (2010) | RCT n=60 | Autologous blood superior to corticosteroid for short-term outcomes (4–8 weeks) on several pain/function measures. |
| Varshney et al (2017) | RCT n=83 | PRP showed greater improvement than steroid at 6 months for elbow epicondylitis (VAS, MAYO); small sample and short follow-up noted. |
| Peerbooms et al (2010) | RCT n=100 | PRP better than corticosteroid on VAS and DASH at 1 year for chronic lateral epicondylitis (p<0.001, p=0.005). |
| Meta-analyses (Sirico/Qian/Tsikopoulos etc.) | Systematic reviews / meta-analyses (various RCTs; lateral epicondylitis n~218 in Sirico) | Mixed results: corticosteroids superior short-term; autologous blood/PRP may be superior intermediate/long-term in some analyses; overall limited/low-quality evidence. |
| Mishra & Pavelko (2006) | Pilot cohort PRP n=15–20 | PRP in chronic elbow tendinosis showed substantial long-term VAS improvements in uncontrolled cohort (up to ~25 months). |
| de Vos et al. (2010) | RCT n=54 | PRP + eccentric exercises showed no greater improvement vs saline + exercises at 24 weeks (VISA-A difference -0.9; CI -12.4 to 10.6). |
| Kearney et al. (2021) | RCT n=240 (Achilles) | Single intratendinous PRP vs sham: 6‑mo VISA‑A 54.4 vs 53.4 (adjusted MD -2.7, 95% CI -8.8 to 3.3)—no benefit. |
| de Vos et al. 1‑yr follow-up / related Achilles trials | RCTs and systematic reviews (n small) | Multiple RCTs show no consistent benefit of PRP for Achilles tendinopathy; some short-term differences but no long-term advantage. |
| Sampson et al. (2010) | Pilot n=14 (knee OA) | Three PRP injections showed improvements in pain and function with no adverse events in small uncontrolled study. |
| Filardo et al. (2‑yr follow-up) | Cohort n=114 knees | Improvements at 12 months declined by 24 months; median duration of improvement ~9 months. |
| Griffin et al. (2013) | RCT ~n=200 (hip fracture) | No evidence of difference in revision surgery within 1 year between PRP and control. |
| Schepull et al. (2011) | RCT n=30 (Achilles rupture) | PRP not useful for Achilles tendon rupture; no significant benefit and possible detrimental effects on some scores. |
| Horstmann et al. (2011) | RCT n=40 (TKA, APG) | No significant clinically important effects in favor of autologous platelet gel; some subjective marginal differences only. |
| Martinez‑Zapata et al. (2016) | Meta-analysis 10 RCTs (442) – chronic wounds | Unclear if PRP improves chronic wound healing generally (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.95–1.50); possible benefit for diabetic foot ulcers (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01–1.49). |
| Game et al. (Leucopatch RCT, 2018) | Multicenter RCT n=269 (DFU) | Healed within 20 weeks: 34% Leucopatch vs 22% standard care (OR 1.58; p=0.0235); no device-related AEs. |
| ADMIRE‑CD / darvadstrocel (phase 3 & follow-ups) | RCT and extensions (darvadstrocel n=25 in extension) / registries | Darvadstrocel associated with higher clinical remission rates for complex perianal fistulas vs control in trials and sustained remission up to 104 weeks in extensions/registries. |
| Hurd et al. (2020) | Pilot RCT UA‑ADRCs n=11 vs steroid n=5 (partial‑thickness rotator cuff) | UA‑ADRCs group showed improved ASES at 24 & 52 weeks vs corticosteroid; small open‑label pilot, no severe AEs. |
| Sanchez et al. (2012) | Case series n=40 (hip OA) | 3 IA PRP injections: 57.5% had ≥30% pain reduction at 6 months; non‑controlled. |
| Osterman et al. (2015) lab study | In‑vitro co-culture | PRP preparations decreased inflammatory gene expression and nitric oxide production vs control, suggesting anti‑inflammatory effects. |
| Li et al. (2019) – PRF for intra‑bony defects | Meta‑analysis 12 trials | PRF adjunctive to open flap debridement improved probing depth, CAL gain, gingival marginal level and hard tissue parameters vs debridement alone. |
| Mao & Zhan (2018) – PRF for rotator cuff tears | Meta‑analysis 8 studies n=219 | PRF did not improve overall clinical outcomes or reduce re‑tear rate (RR=1.30; p=0.082). |
| Masiello et al. (2023) – tendinopathies meta‑analysis | 33 RCTs (2,025 subjects) | Generally no clear benefit of PRP vs controls across tendinopathies; evidence low/very low certainty. |
| Hamstring/hamstring RCTs (Hamilton 2015; Pas 2015) | RCTs/meta‑analyses (n up to 90 per trial) | Single PRP injection did not enhance return to play versus rehabilitation or control; meta‑analysis found no effect. |
| Bone marrow plasma / MSCs for tendinosis (Moon 2008; Duijvestein 2010) | Cohort/Phase I small studies (n~24; n=9–10) | Preliminary improvement in VAS and function reported; MSC infusions appeared feasible and safe in small early studies. |
| Autologous cell therapy for critical limb ischemia (Cochrane review) | 7 RCTs (359 participants) | Mostly low/very low quality evidence; no clear differences in mortality or amputation rate; some signals favoring BM‑MSC for ulcer healing (single RCT). |
| Autologous IL‑1 receptor antagonist blood products (systematic review) | 8 studies (3 RCTs, n=592) | Mixed improvements in pain/function for knee OA; AEs mostly mild/local; evidence limited (level IV). |
| AST/AWB for chronic spontaneous urticaria (meta-analysis) | 8 trials (4 RCTs, n=529) | AST and AWB were not significantly more effective than placebo at end of treatment; no remarkable AEs. |
| Patellar tendinopathy / patella studies (James 2007, Di Matteo 2015) | Prospective cohort and systematic reviews (small RCTs) | Some RCTs support PRP/autologous blood for patellar tendinopathy; overall evidence limited and heterogeneous. |
| Rotator cuff tendinopathy (Kesikburun 2013; Fu 2017) | RCT n=40; meta‑analysis 11 studies | PRP no more effective than placebo at 1 year in RCT; meta‑analysis shows no difference in functional score or pain vs control. |
| Autologous platelet gel in TKA (Horstmann 2011) | RCT n=40 | No clinically important benefit found for APG after TKA; further larger studies needed. |
| Bocanegra‑Perez et al. (2012) – jaw osteonecrosis | Case series n=8 | PRP plus surgical debridement reported resolution in all patients at ~14‑month follow‑up; non‑controlled. |
| General systematic reviews / guidelines (NICE, ACOEM, Work Loss Data Institute) | Guideline reviews and systematic reviews | Guidelines do not support routine use of autologous blood/PRP for tendinopathies due to inadequate quantity/quality of evidence; call for more RCTs. |
| Kumar et al. (2013) – plantar fasciitis | Case series n=44 patients (50 heels) | Improvements in RM, VAS, AOFAS at 6 months; 64% satisfied; no complications reported; uncontrolled. |
| Leucopatch pilot/registry findings (Jorgensen, Londahl, Game) | Pilot cohorts and RCTs (n up to 269) | Pilot studies suggested safety; multicenter RCT (n=269) showed improved healing rates and shorter time‑to‑healing for Leucopatch vs standard care. |
| PRP for facial rejuvenation / alopecia (Trink 2013; de Oliveira 2023) | Pilot RCTs and meta‑analysis (small trials) | Some trials show increased hair regrowth/terminal hair density with PRP; facial rejuvenation studies show improved results but require larger RCTs. |