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CPT 54240: Penile Plethysmography for Erectile Dysfunction Assessment

CPT code 54240 denotes penile plethysmography, a diagnostic procedure that records changes in penile circumference during erection using a mercury-filled plethysmograph to assess penile blood flow and aid evaluation of erectile dysfunction. The procedure has clinical relevance for urology and sexual medicine because it provides physiologic data that can help distinguish vascular causes of erectile dysfunction from other etiologies. Nationally, this code matters for coverage determinations, appropriate site-of-service billing, and integration into diagnostic pathways for sexual dysfunction.

Key payers discussed include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find an overview of clinical context, typical sites of service, and the kinds of benchmarks and policy considerations that influence coverage and billing practice. The publication outlines common billing modifiers and payer practices where available, summarizes clinical rationale for the service, and highlights areas where input data was not provided.

This summary is intended for a national audience of coding professionals, billing managers, and clinicians seeking concise guidance on the role and reporting of CPT code 54240 in diagnostic evaluation of erectile dysfunction. Data not available in the input is noted where applicable.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 54240 describes a penile plethysmography procedure in which a flexible band filled with mercury (a plethysmograph) is placed around the penis to record changes in penile circumference during erection. The measurement is used to assess penile blood flow and evaluate erectile dysfunction.

Service type: Diagnostic vascular assessment / penile plethysmography

Typical site of service: Urology clinic or ambulatory diagnostic facility

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CPT 54240: Penile Plethysmography for Erectile Dysfunction Assessment

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Diagnostic vascular assessment / penile plethysmography

Typical site of service: Urology clinic or ambulatory diagnostic facility

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 56-year-old male presents to a urology clinic with a 9-month history of erectile dysfunction unresponsive to first-line oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. The urologist performs a focused history and physical exam, reviews medications and vascular risk factors (diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia), and orders nocturnal penile tumescence and rigity testing including penile plethysmography to evaluate hemodynamic causes. On the day of testing the patient is consented, asked to abstain from stimulants, and positioned in a private exam room. A flexible mercury-in-band plethysmograph is placed around the penile shaft and baseline circumference is recorded. Pharmacologic stimulation (e.g., intracavernosal injection of a vasodilator) may be administered according to clinic protocol, and the plethysmograph records changes in penile circumference over time to assess arterial inflow and veno-occlusive function. Results are reviewed by the urologist to differentiate neurogenic, arteriogenic, or venogenic erectile dysfunction and to guide further imaging, medical therapy, or referral for vascular intervention.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`26`	Professional component	Use when billing only the physician interpretation separate from technical equipment and facility services.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the plethysmography was partially performed or abbreviated.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when testing was started but stopped due to patient intolerance or medical complication.
`76`	Repeat procedure by same physician	Use when the physician repeats the plethysmography on the same day.
`77`	Repeat procedure by another physician	Use when a different physician repeats the test the same day.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when plethysmography is a distinct service from other concurrent penile diagnostic procedures.
`TC`	Technical component	Use when billing only facility/equipment portion of the service.
`26` and `TC` together	Split billing of professional and technical components	Use when facility and physician components are billed separately.
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when unusually complex testing or extended monitoring was required beyond typical service.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when fewer measures or shorter monitoring period were performed due to clinical factors.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`2086S0102X`	Urology	Urologists commonly order and interpret penile plethysmography.
`207L00000X`	Reproductive Endocrinology	Specialists in male sexual dysfunction and infertility may perform or interpret testing.
`208000000X`	Family Medicine	Primary care physicians may refer and occasionally supervise diagnostic testing in ambulatory settings.
`363L00000X`	Clinical Neurophysiology	In centers where neurogenic causes are evaluated, specialists may participate in testing and interpretation.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`N52.9`	Male erectile dysfunction, unspecified	Primary indication for penile plethysmography to assess vascular and corporal function.
`N48.4`	Priapism	Evaluation may include plethysmography in complex or recurrent cases to assess hemodynamics and venous leak.
`E11.9`	Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications	Diabetes is a common vascular risk factor contributing to erectile dysfunction; testing helps define vascular contribution.
`I10`	Essential (primary) hypertension	Hypertension contributes to vascular ED; plethysmography evaluates arterial inflow and veno-occlusive function.
`F52.21`	Male sexual dysfunction due to partner relationship problems	Differentiation between psychogenic and organic causes uses objective testing such as plethysmography.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`54240`	Penile plethysmography (penile circumference recording)	Primary code for the flexible mercury-in-band plethysmography recording penile circumference during erection for erectile dysfunction evaluation.
`54400`	Implantation of penile prosthesis, non-inflatable (semi-rigid)	Possible definitive surgical treatment if plethysmography indicates irreversible vascular or corporal pathology and patient elects prosthesis.
`54401`	Implantation of inflatable penile prosthesis, 2-piece	Alternative surgical option for refractory erectile dysfunction evaluated with diagnostic testing including plethysmography.
`53500`	Correction of phimosis or frenuloplasty (when applicable)	Performed in select patients when anatomic issues contribute to sexual dysfunction; may be part of comprehensive evaluation and management.
`CPT data not provided`	Data not available in the input.	Data not available in the input.

CPT 54200: Penile Injection for Peyronie Disease

CPT-54205-PENILE-PLAQUE-EXPOSURE-AND-INJECTION-FOR-PEYRONIE-DISEASE

CPT 54205: Penile Plaque Exposure and Injection for Peyronie Disease

CPT-54220-IRRIGATION-OF-CORPORA-CAVERNOSA-PRIAPISM

CPT 54220: Irrigation of Corpora Cavernosa for Priapism

CPT-54230-CAVERNOSOGRAPHY-VENOUS-LEAKAGE-EVALUATION

CPT 54230: Cavernosography to Evaluate Venous Leakage

CPT-54231-DYNAMIC-CAVERNOSOMETRY-WITH-PHARMACOLOGIC-INJECTION

CPT 54231: Dynamic Cavernosometry with Pharmacologic Intracavernosal Injection

CPT-54235-INTRACAVERNOSAL-PHARMACOLOGIC-INJECTION-FOR-ED

CPT 54235: Intracavernosal Pharmacologic Injection for Erectile Dysfunction

CPT-54250-NOCTURNAL-PENILE-TUMESCENCE-NPT-MONITORING

CPT 54250: Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Monitoring

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

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Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`26`	Professional component	Use when billing only the physician interpretation separate from technical equipment and facility services.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the plethysmography was partially performed or abbreviated.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when testing was started but stopped due to patient intolerance or medical complication.
`76`	Repeat procedure by same physician	Use when the physician repeats the plethysmography on the same day.
`77`	Repeat procedure by another physician	Use when a different physician repeats the test the same day.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when plethysmography is a distinct service from other concurrent penile diagnostic procedures.
`TC`	Technical component	Use when billing only facility/equipment portion of the service.
`26` and `TC` together	Split billing of professional and technical components	Use when facility and physician components are billed separately.
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when unusually complex testing or extended monitoring was required beyond typical service.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when fewer measures or shorter monitoring period were performed due to clinical factors.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`2086S0102X`	Urology	Urologists commonly order and interpret penile plethysmography.
`207L00000X`	Reproductive Endocrinology	Specialists in male sexual dysfunction and infertility may perform or interpret testing.
`208000000X`	Family Medicine	Primary care physicians may refer and occasionally supervise diagnostic testing in ambulatory settings.
`363L00000X`	Clinical Neurophysiology	In centers where neurogenic causes are evaluated, specialists may participate in testing and interpretation.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`N52.9`	Male erectile dysfunction, unspecified	Primary indication for penile plethysmography to assess vascular and corporal function.
`N48.4`	Priapism	Evaluation may include plethysmography in complex or recurrent cases to assess hemodynamics and venous leak.
`E11.9`	Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications	Diabetes is a common vascular risk factor contributing to erectile dysfunction; testing helps define vascular contribution.
`I10`	Essential (primary) hypertension	Hypertension contributes to vascular ED; plethysmography evaluates arterial inflow and veno-occlusive function.
`F52.21`	Male sexual dysfunction due to partner relationship problems	Differentiation between psychogenic and organic causes uses objective testing such as plethysmography.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`54240`	Penile plethysmography (penile circumference recording)	Primary code for the flexible mercury-in-band plethysmography recording penile circumference during erection for erectile dysfunction evaluation.
`54400`	Implantation of penile prosthesis, non-inflatable (semi-rigid)	Possible definitive surgical treatment if plethysmography indicates irreversible vascular or corporal pathology and patient elects prosthesis.
`54401`	Implantation of inflatable penile prosthesis, 2-piece	Alternative surgical option for refractory erectile dysfunction evaluated with diagnostic testing including plethysmography.
`53500`	Correction of phimosis or frenuloplasty (when applicable)	Performed in select patients when anatomic issues contribute to sexual dysfunction; may be part of comprehensive evaluation and management.
`CPT data not provided`	Data not available in the input.	Data not available in the input.

CPT 54200: Penile Injection for Peyronie Disease

CPT-54205-PENILE-PLAQUE-EXPOSURE-AND-INJECTION-FOR-PEYRONIE-DISEASE

CPT 54205: Penile Plaque Exposure and Injection for Peyronie Disease

CPT-54220-IRRIGATION-OF-CORPORA-CAVERNOSA-PRIAPISM

CPT 54220: Irrigation of Corpora Cavernosa for Priapism

CPT-54230-CAVERNOSOGRAPHY-VENOUS-LEAKAGE-EVALUATION

CPT 54230: Cavernosography to Evaluate Venous Leakage

CPT-54231-DYNAMIC-CAVERNOSOMETRY-WITH-PHARMACOLOGIC-INJECTION

CPT 54231: Dynamic Cavernosometry with Pharmacologic Intracavernosal Injection

CPT-54235-INTRACAVERNOSAL-PHARMACOLOGIC-INJECTION-FOR-ED

CPT 54235: Intracavernosal Pharmacologic Injection for Erectile Dysfunction

CPT-54250-NOCTURNAL-PENILE-TUMESCENCE-NPT-MONITORING

CPT 54250: Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Monitoring

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

OpenPayer

CPT 54240: Penile Plethysmography for Erectile Dysfunction Assessment

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Billing Code Overview

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CPT 54240: Penile Plethysmography for Erectile Dysfunction Assessment

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References