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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the KidneyCPT cpt-50280-renal-cyst-excision-open-deroofing
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    CPT 50280: Excision/Removal of Renal Surface Cyst(s)

    Medicare pays $866 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 50280 describes open surgical excision or removal of the covering of one or more cysts on the kidney surface; this is a surgical procedure (open cyst excision/decortication) typically performed in an operating room or inpatient surgical setting for renal surface cyst management.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Surgical Procedures, Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Service, Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in Adults.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 52-year-old adult referred to a urologist for flank pain and an incidentally discovered complex cortical renal cyst on imaging. After evaluation with renal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT showing symptomatic or concerning features (thickened septations, enhancing mural nodularity, or large size causing mass effect), the decision is made for surgical excision of the cyst lining to relieve symptoms and obtain tissue for pathology. The patient presents to a hospital operating room under general anesthesia. Preoperative workflow includes history and physical, consent specific to open renal cyst excision, basic labs (CBC, BMP, coagulation studies), and perioperative antibiotics per facility protocol. Intraoperative steps include a flank or subcostal open incision, exposure of the kidney, identification of one or more cortical cysts, excision of the cyst wall or unroofing of cysts on the renal surface with hemostasis, possible partial nephron-sparing resection if adherent tissue is suspicious, and placement of drains if needed. The procedure may require intraoperative consultation with pathology for frozen section. Postoperative care includes monitoring in PACU, pain control, evaluation of renal function, wound care, and follow-up imaging or clinic visit to review pathology and assess for complications such as bleeding or infection.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    50240Nephrectomy, partial, including partial ureterectomy, single or multiple segments; excision of tumor, wedge resection or polar resectionPerformed when a cyst is suspicious for malignancy and a nephron-sparing resection beyond simple cyst excision is required.
    50590Renal biopsy, percutaneous, including imaging guidance when performed; single or multiple samplesMay be performed preoperatively for tissue diagnosis if imaging is indeterminate prior to open excision.
    50547Nephrostomy, percutaneous or open; catheter placement, with or without injection for imagingUsed when decompression of a collecting system or access is needed prior to definitive surgery in complex cases.
    49422Placement of percutaneous drainage catheter, percutaneous or open, for renal collectionMay be used to drain infected renal cysts or perinephric abscesses as a temporizing measure before open excision.
    50300Cystoscopy, diagnostic; with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washingPerformed pre- or postoperatively if hematuria evaluation or urinary tract assessment is required in the workup.

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    54Modifier ‑54 (“Surgical care only”) is appended to a CPT surgical procedure when the reporting surgeon performs the intraoperative (surgical) component but does not furnish the preoperative and/or…- Use modifier -54 when the reporting surgeon provided only the intraoperative (surgical) component of a procedure and preoperative and/or postoperative management has been or will be provided by…
    55Modifier –55 indicates the billing provider furnished only postoperative management for a procedure that has a global surgical period. According to AAPC, this modifier is appended to the same CPT…- Use modifier -55 when billing the same CPT surgical code that has a 10- or 90-day global period and you, as a provider other than the original surgeon, furnished ONLY postoperative management (no…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208000000X
    207P00000X
    208800000X
    207L00000X
    363L00000X
    163WC1400X
    171400000X
    156FX1700X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: General Surgery1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Surgical ProceduresUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of ServiceUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Site of Service for Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (ASC Select)Premera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Servicesierra health and life2026-08-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines — Inpatient Surgical CareMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-08-01
    Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) - Site of Care PolicyKaiser Permanente2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-50200-PERCUTANEOUS-RENAL-ASPIRATION-DIAGNOSTIC-BIOPSY

    CPT 50200: Percutaneous Renal Needle Biopsy

    CPT-50205-PERCUTANEOUS-KIDNEY-BIOPSY-SAMPLING

    CPT 50205: Kidney Needle Collection for Diagnostic Biopsy

    CPT-50220-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50220: Partial or Complete Nephrectomy, Kidney Removal

    CPT-50225-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50225: Nephrectomy (Kidney Removal)

    CPT-50230-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50230: Nephrectomy, Kidney Removal

    CPT-50234-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50234: Nephrectomy, Kidney Removal

    CPT-50236-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50236: Nephrectomy (Kidney Removal)

    CPT-50240-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50240: Nephrectomy, Kidney Removal

    CPT-50250-KIDNEY-CRYOABLATION-CRYOSURGERY

    CPT 50250: Kidney Cryoablation/Cryosurgery

    CPT-50290-EXCISION-KIDNEY-SURROUNDING-TISSUE-CYST

    CPT 50290: Excision of Perirenal Cyst

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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