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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the KidneyCPT cpt-50234-nephrectomy-kidney-removal
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    CPT 50234: Nephrectomy, Kidney Removal

    Medicare pays $1179 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 50234 describes a nephrectomy procedure for removal of a kidney or part of a kidney, a surgical service typically performed in an operating room as an inpatient or outpatient hospital procedure; this code represents the operative service for kidney removal and is used in billing surgical kidney excision cases where documentation supports the extent of resection.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Surgical Procedures, Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Service, Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in Adults.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old male presents with a left renal mass identified on cross-sectional imaging after incidental hematuria. Staging CT shows a 6.2 cm enhancing solid mass confined to the kidney without distant metastases. The patient has well-controlled hypertension and normal renal function in the contralateral kidney. After multidisciplinary discussion, the urologic surgery team schedules a left radical nephrectomy for oncologic control. The clinical workflow includes preoperative evaluation (history, labs, ECG), imaging review and cancer staging, informed consent documenting risks (bleeding, infection, loss of renal function), anesthesia evaluation, intraoperative removal of the kidney via an open or laparoscopic approach, specimen submission to pathology, immediate postoperative recovery in PACU with monitoring of hemodynamics and urine output, and inpatient postoperative care with discharge planning and pathology-driven follow-up.

    • Service Type: Surgical removal of an entire kidney (radical nephrectomy) or part of a kidney (partial nephrectomy) depending on operative intent.

    • Typical Site of Service: Hospital inpatient operating room or ambulatory surgery center depending on approach and patient comorbidities.

    • Typical Patient Scenario: Adult patient with renal cell carcinoma, large symptomatic renal mass, severe traumatic renal injury not salvageable, or nonfunctional infected kidney where nephrectomy is indicated.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    50220Removal of kidney, transplant nephrectomyPerformed when removing a transplanted kidney (related scenario to nephrectomy).
    50230Nephroureterectomy, partial or completeRelated when tumor involves renal pelvis or ureter requiring extended resection.
    50590Lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomyPerformed in same anatomic region for stone disease; may precede or follow nephrectomy in complex stone scenarios.
    50600Nephrectomy, partial, wedge resectionPartial nephrectomy techniques for small renal masses to preserve renal function.
    50947Laparoscopy, surgical; pyeloplastyLaparoscopic procedures in the retroperitoneum; demonstrates minimally invasive approaches related to nephrectomy.

    If additional specific codes are required for preoperative or reconstruction procedures, they are selected based on intraoperative findings and institutional practice.

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    56Modifier ‑56 indicates the reporting provider furnished only the preoperative management for a surgical procedure and did not perform the intraoperative or postoperative care. It is used in…- Use Modifier -56 when a provider performs only the preoperative management in a split‑care situation (one physician manages preop care while a different physician performs the intraoperative…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    1835S0206X
    2471S1302X
    103TA0400X
    2083A0300X
    363LA2200X
    156FX1201X
    207QB0505X
    146L00000X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    27 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    C64.1Malignant neoplasm of right kidney, except renal pelvis
    C64.2Malignant neoplasm of left kidney, except renal pelvis
    C64.9Malignant neoplasm of unspecified kidney, except renal pelvis
    C65.9Malignant neoplasm of unspecified renal pelvis
    C66.9Malignant neoplasm of unspecified ureter
    C68.0Malignant neoplasm of urethra
    D41.4Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of bladder
    I12.9Hypertensive chronic kidney disease with stage 1 through stage 4 chronic kidney disease, or unspecified chronic kidney disease
    I13.0Hypertensive heart and chronic kidney disease with heart failure and stage 1 through stage 4 chronic kidney disease, or unspecified chronic kidney disease
    I13.11Hypertensive heart and chronic kidney disease without heart failure, with stage 5 chronic kidney disease, or end stage renal disease

    Showing 1–10 of 27

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: General Surgery1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Surgical ProceduresUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of ServiceUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Site of Service for Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (ASC Select)Premera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Servicesierra health and life2026-08-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines — Inpatient Surgical CareMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-08-01
    Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) - Site of Care PolicyKaiser Permanente2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-50200-PERCUTANEOUS-RENAL-ASPIRATION-DIAGNOSTIC-BIOPSY

    CPT 50200: Percutaneous Renal Needle Biopsy

    CPT-50205-PERCUTANEOUS-KIDNEY-BIOPSY-SAMPLING

    CPT 50205: Kidney Needle Collection for Diagnostic Biopsy

    CPT-50220-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50220: Partial or Complete Nephrectomy, Kidney Removal

    CPT-50225-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50225: Nephrectomy (Kidney Removal)

    CPT-50230-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50230: Nephrectomy, Kidney Removal

    CPT-50236-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50236: Nephrectomy (Kidney Removal)

    CPT-50240-NEPHRECTOMY-KIDNEY-REMOVAL

    CPT 50240: Nephrectomy, Kidney Removal

    CPT-50250-KIDNEY-CRYOABLATION-CRYOSURGERY

    CPT 50250: Kidney Cryoablation/Cryosurgery

    CPT-50280-RENAL-CYST-EXCISION-OPEN-DEROOFING

    CPT 50280: Excision/Removal of Renal Surface Cyst(s)

    CPT-50290-EXCISION-KIDNEY-SURROUNDING-TISSUE-CYST

    CPT 50290: Excision of Perirenal Cyst

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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