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    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the PancreasCPT cpt-48100-open-surgical-pancreatic-biopsy-pathology-sample
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    CPT 48100: Open Biopsy of Pancreatic Lesion

    Medicare pays $852 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 48100 describes an open surgical biopsy of a pancreatic lesion in which the surgeon obtains tissue for pathological evaluation; this represents a surgical biopsy service typically performed in an operating room or other procedural/surgical suite and is classified as an open abdominal procedure for pancreatic tissue sampling.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 58-year-old individual presenting with persistent epigastric pain, unexplained weight loss, and imaging (CT or MRI) showing a suspicious pancreatic mass or focal lesion. After multidisciplinary review, the surgeon plans an open pancreatic biopsy to obtain tissue for pathological evaluation when less invasive sampling (EUS-guided or percutaneous biopsy) is not feasible due to lesion location, prior anatomy, or nondiagnostic prior attempts. The workflow includes preoperative assessment, informed consent for open pancreatic biopsy, general anesthesia, an open abdominal approach (laparotomy), direct exposure of the pancreas, excision or wedge biopsy of the lesion, hemostasis, and sending fresh tissue to pathology (frozen section if intraoperative decision-making is needed, plus permanent sections). Postoperatively the patient is monitored for complications (bleeding, pancreatitis, infection) and pathology results guide further management such as oncologic staging, resection planning, or systemic therapy decisions.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    48100Biopsy, pancreas, open; single lesionPrimary code describing open biopsy of a pancreatic lesion; used when tissue is obtained via laparotomy.
    49000Exploration of the abdomen, open; diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s)May be reported when formal diagnostic abdominal exploration is performed in addition to or preceding the pancreatic biopsy.
    47370Laparoscopy, surgical; biopsy, single or multipleAlternative minimally invasive approach; reported when biopsy is performed laparoscopically instead of open.
    88305Level IV surgical pathology, gross and microscopic examinationPathology code commonly reported for tissue evaluation of pancreatic biopsy specimens (technical component billing by pathology).
    76942Ultrasonic guidance for needle placement (e.g., intraoperative ultrasound)Used when intraoperative ultrasound guidance assists localization during the procedure.

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
    81Modifier -81 indicates a physician served as a minimal assistant surgeon for part—not all—of an operative procedure. Use when a physician’s assisting role is limited and does not represent full…- Use CPT modifier -81 when a physician acts as a minimum assistant surgeon who assists during only part (a limited portion) of an operative procedure; append -81 to the primary surgical CPT code to…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207L00000X
    207X00000X
    207P00000X
    372600000X
    1223X0400X
    261QM1102X
    225XH1300X
    1223X2210X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    24 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    C25.1Malignant neoplasm of body of pancreas
    C25.2Malignant neoplasm of tail of pancreas
    C25.3Malignant neoplasm of pancreatic duct
    C25.4Malignant neoplasm of endocrine pancreas
    C25.7Malignant neoplasm of other parts of pancreas
    C25.9Malignant neoplasm of pancreas, unspecified
    D13.6Benign neoplasm of pancreas
    E10.9Type 1 diabetes mellitus without complications
    E11.9Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications
    E78.5Hyperlipidemia, unspecified

    Showing 1–10 of 24

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-48102-PERCUTANEOUS-PANCREATIC-NEEDLE-BIOPSY-PATHOLOGY

    CPT 48102: Percutaneous Needle Biopsy of Pancreas

    CPT-48105-PANCREATIC-RESECTION-DEBRIDEMENT-ACUTE-NECROTIZING-PANCREATITIS

    CPT 48105: Pancreatic Resection and Debridement for Necrotizing Pancreatitis

    CPT-48120-PANCREATIC-LESION-EXCISION

    CPT 48120: Excision of Lesion of Pancreas

    CPT-48140-DISTAL-PANCREATECTOMY-WITHOUT-PANCREATICOJEJUNOSTOMY

    CPT 48140: Distal Pancreatectomy with or without Splenectomy

    CPT-48145-DISTAL-PANCREATECTOMY-WITH-OR-WITHOUT-SPLENECTOMY

    CPT 48145: Distal Pancreatectomy With or Without Splenectomy

    CPT-48146-NEAR-TOTAL-PANCREATECTOMY

    CPT 48146: Near Total Pancreatectomy

    CPT-48148-AMPULLA-OF-VATER-REMOVAL-AMPULLECTOMY

    CPT 48148: Removal of the Ampulla of Vater

    CPT-48150-PANCREATICODUODENECTOMY-PYLORUS-RESECTING

    CPT 48150: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) with Reconstruction

    CPT-48152-SUBTOTAL-PANCREATECTOMY-DUODENECTOMY-WITH-RECONSTRUCTION-NO-PANCREATICOJEJUNOSTOMY

    CPT 48152: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) without Pancreaticojejunostomy

    CPT-48153-PANCREATICODUODENAL-RESECTION-WITH-RECONSTRUCTION

    CPT 48153: Pylorus-Preserving Pancreaticoduodenectomy

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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