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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures on the Genitourinary SystemCPT cpt-78725-kidney-scan-nuclear-medicine-renal-imaging
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    CPT 78725: Kidney Scan, Cortical and Functional

    Medicare pays $69 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 78725 describes a nuclear medicine kidney scan used to evaluate renal structure and function; it includes cortical imaging to assess kidney shape and functional studies that measure tracer transit time through the kidneys, collection in the urine, and drainage into the bladder. Service type: diagnostic nuclear medicine renal imaging. Typical site of service: hospital or outpatient nuclear medicine imaging center.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysis, Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family Plans, Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage Criteria.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult referred by a nephrologist or urologist for a renal cortical and/or functional radionuclide study to evaluate kidney size, cortical morphology, perfusion, and drainage. Indications include suspected renal artery stenosis with asymmetrical renal function, evaluation of obstructive uropathy, monitoring differential renal function in hydronephrosis, assessment of renal transplant perfusion and function, or follow-up after pyeloplasty. The clinical workflow: the ordering clinician documents the indication and relevant labs (serum creatinine, eGFR). The nuclear medicine or radiology scheduling team arranges pre-procedure instructions (hydration status, withholding interfering medications when indicated). On arrival, the patient is registered and consented. An intravenous line is placed and radiotracer (commonly Tc-99m MAG3 for functional studies or Tc-99m DMSA for cortical imaging) is administered. Dynamic imaging is performed for functional scans to generate renogram curves and calculate differential renal function; static images are obtained for cortical scans to evaluate contours and cortical defects. A radiologist or nuclear medicine physician interprets perfusion, uptake, excretion, and drainage patterns and reports differential function and any focal cortical abnormalities. Results are communicated to the referring provider for treatment planning, which may include vascular intervention, urologic surgery, or transplant management. Typical site of service is an outpatient radiology or nuclear medicine department; inpatient studies occur when renal function assessment or post-transplant evaluation is needed during hospitalization.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    78801Radionuclide localization of tumor with imaging, single area; planar, first studyLess commonly used; may be billed if simultaneous tumor localization is required in the renal region.
    78610Dynamic renal imaging (renal flow and function), first studyClosely related: alternative descriptor used for dynamic renal perfusion and function studies when performed with specific radionuclides and protocols; often part of combined renal protocols.
    78226Renal scintigraphy, static cortical imaging (e.g., DMSA)Complementary: cortical imaging code used when static cortical images are obtained to evaluate cortical scarring or morphology alongside functional studies.
    74181Computed tomography, abdomen and pelvis, without contrastOften performed before or after nuclear scan when anatomic correlation is required for obstructive or structural abnormalities.
    93976Duplex scan of renal arteries, including interpretation and reportPerformed when renal artery stenosis is suspected; used in vascular evaluation complementary to functional renal scan.

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    56Modifier ‑56 indicates the reporting provider furnished only the preoperative management for a surgical procedure and did not perform the intraoperative or postoperative care. It is used in…- Use Modifier -56 when a provider performs only the preoperative management in a split‑care situation (one physician manages preop care while a different physician performs the intraoperative…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    2080P0006X
    207K00000X
    208000000X
    208800000X
    207RN0300X
    347B00000X
    261QH0700X
    276400000X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    28 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    E86.0Dehydration
    E87.1Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia
    I12.9Hypertensive chronic kidney disease with stage 1 through stage 4 chronic kidney disease, or unspecified chronic kidney disease
    I13.0Hypertensive heart and chronic kidney disease with heart failure and stage 1 through stage 4 chronic kidney disease, or unspecified chronic kidney disease
    N10Acute pyelonephritis
    N11.0Nonobstructive reflux-associated chronic pyelonephritis
    N11.1Chronic obstructive pyelonephritis
    N11.9Chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis, unspecified
    N12Tubulo-interstitial nephritis, not specified as acute or chronic
    N13.2Hydronephrosis with renal and ureteral calculous obstruction

    Showing 1–10 of 28

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Nephrology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysisCigna2026-08-15
    Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family PlansCigna2026-08-15
    Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage CriteriaBlue Cross Blue Shield - Iowa2026-08-05
    Voyxact (sibeprenlimab-szsl) — Prior authorization / medical necessity for primary IgA nephropathyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Oxlumo (lumasiran) and Rivfloza (nedosiran) — Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Korsuva (difelikefalin) — Medical Benefit Drug Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Complement Inhibitors - EmpaveliCigna2026-08-01
    Tolvaptan (Jynarque)Cigna2026-08-01
    Nephrology - Filspari (sparsentan) coverageCigna2026-08-01
    Rivfloza (nedosiran) prior authorization for PH1UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-78700-KIDNEY-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-RENAL-FUNCTION

    CPT 78700: Kidney Scan (Cortical and Functional Renal Scintigraphy)

    CPT-78701-KIDNEY-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-KIDNEY-IMAGING

    CPT 78701: Kidney Nuclear Scan (Cortical and Functional)

    CPT-78707-KIDNEY-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78707: Kidney Scan (Renal Nuclear Medicine)

    CPT-78708-KIDNEY-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-RENAL-IMAGING

    CPT 78708: Kidney Scan (Renal Scintigraphy)

    CPT-78709-KIDNEY-SCAN-RENAL-NUCLEAR-IMAGING

    CPT 78709: Renal Nuclear Medicine Scan

    CPT-78730-URETERAL-REFLUX-AND-BLADDER-FUNCTION-RADIOISOTOPE-STUDY

    CPT 78730: Ureteral Reflux Study with Bladder Functional Evaluation

    CPT-78740-VOIDING-CYSTOURETHROGRAM-URETERAL-REFLUX-EVALUATION

    CPT 78740: Voiding Cystourethrogram to Evaluate Ureteral Reflux

    CPT-78761-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-TESTICULAR-IMAGING-RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL

    CPT 78761: Scrotal Nuclear Medicine Scintigraphy for Acute Testicular Pain

    CPT-78799-DIAGNOSTIC-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-GENITOURINARY

    CPT 78799: Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedure, Genitourinary

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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