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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures on the Genitourinary SystemCPT cpt-78700-kidney-scan-nuclear-medicine-renal-function
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    CPT 78700: Kidney Scan (Cortical and Functional Renal Scintigraphy)

    Medicare pays $107 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 78700 describes a nuclear medicine kidney scan performed to evaluate renal structure and function, including cortical imaging to assess kidney shape and functional (renogram) imaging to measure tracer transit time through the kidneys into the bladder; the service is a diagnostic nuclear medicine renal scintigraphy typically performed in an outpatient imaging center or hospital nuclear medicine department using radiotracer administration and serial imaging to assess perfusion, function, and drainage.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysis, Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family Plans, Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage Criteria.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 48-year-old patient with recurrent flank pain and unexplained decline in renal function is referred by a nephrologist for a nuclear medicine kidney scan to evaluate renal perfusion and function. The referring clinician documents serum creatinine elevation, asymmetric kidney size on ultrasound, and a history of suspected obstruction. The nuclear medicine department schedules a renal cortical and functional scintigraphy study using a radiopharmaceutical such as Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) or Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) depending on the clinical question.

    The clinical workflow includes: referral and indication review by radiology/nuclear medicine, patient arrival with informed consent and assessment of renal function and allergy history, intravenous access placement, radiopharmaceutical administration, dynamic imaging for perfusion and excretory phase (functional scan) and delayed static cortical imaging if indicated, image processing and calculation of differential renal function and drainage curves, interpretation by a board-certified nuclear medicine physician, and delivery of the signed report to the referring provider for management decisions such as urology consultation for suspected obstruction or nephrology follow-up for suspected cortical scarring or differential renal function loss.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    78800Radiopharmaceutical therapy, diagnostic, quantitative, including radiopharmaceutical administration when performed; renal scintigraphy, generalAlternative code sometimes used for specific quantitative renal studies depending on radiopharmaceutical and payer coding rules; may be used when billing differs by study type.
    78630Brain imaging; flow studiesUnrelated organ system flow study; listed here to show modality similarity in dynamic flow imaging techniques (different organ system).
    74170CT abdomen and pelvis without contrastCross-sectional imaging that may be performed before or after renal scintigraphy to evaluate anatomy when structural obstruction or masses are suspected.
    74430Radiologic examination, pyelogram (injection of contrast)Contrasts study of the urinary tract that may be used in conjunction with nuclear functional data for comprehensive evaluation of obstruction.
    88305Level IV surgical pathology, gross and microscopic examinationPathology code for specimens obtained if a concurrent surgical procedure (e.g., nephrectomy) follows imaging; correlates imaging with histopathology.

    Note: Data not available in the input for pre-populated related CPT codes; above codes are commonly associated or used in complementary diagnostic workflows with renal scintigraphy.

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207RH0000X
    207L00000X
    246QM0900X
    207ZP0213X
    363LX0106X
    2255A2300X
    251K00000X
    163WX1100X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    30 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    E10.21Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy
    E11.21Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy
    I12.9Hypertensive chronic kidney disease with stage 1 through stage 4 chronic kidney disease, or unspecified chronic kidney disease
    I13.0Hypertensive heart and chronic kidney disease with heart failure and stage 1 through stage 4 chronic kidney disease, or unspecified chronic kidney disease
    N10Acute pyelonephritis
    N11.0Nonobstructive reflux-associated chronic pyelonephritis
    N11.1Chronic obstructive pyelonephritis
    N11.9Chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis, unspecified
    N17.9Acute kidney failure, unspecified
    N18.6End stage renal disease

    Showing 1–10 of 30

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Nephrology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysisCigna2026-08-15
    Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family PlansCigna2026-08-15
    Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage CriteriaBlue Cross Blue Shield - Iowa2026-08-05
    Voyxact (sibeprenlimab-szsl) — Prior authorization / medical necessity for primary IgA nephropathyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Oxlumo (lumasiran) and Rivfloza (nedosiran) — Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Korsuva (difelikefalin) — Medical Benefit Drug Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Complement Inhibitors - EmpaveliCigna2026-08-01
    Tolvaptan (Jynarque)Cigna2026-08-01
    Nephrology - Filspari (sparsentan) coverageCigna2026-08-01
    Rivfloza (nedosiran) prior authorization for PH1UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-78701-KIDNEY-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-KIDNEY-IMAGING

    CPT 78701: Kidney Nuclear Scan (Cortical and Functional)

    CPT-78707-KIDNEY-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78707: Kidney Scan (Renal Nuclear Medicine)

    CPT-78708-KIDNEY-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-RENAL-IMAGING

    CPT 78708: Kidney Scan (Renal Scintigraphy)

    CPT-78709-KIDNEY-SCAN-RENAL-NUCLEAR-IMAGING

    CPT 78709: Renal Nuclear Medicine Scan

    CPT-78725-KIDNEY-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-RENAL-IMAGING

    CPT 78725: Kidney Scan, Cortical and Functional

    CPT-78730-URETERAL-REFLUX-AND-BLADDER-FUNCTION-RADIOISOTOPE-STUDY

    CPT 78730: Ureteral Reflux Study with Bladder Functional Evaluation

    CPT-78740-VOIDING-CYSTOURETHROGRAM-URETERAL-REFLUX-EVALUATION

    CPT 78740: Voiding Cystourethrogram to Evaluate Ureteral Reflux

    CPT-78761-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-TESTICULAR-IMAGING-RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL

    CPT 78761: Scrotal Nuclear Medicine Scintigraphy for Acute Testicular Pain

    CPT-78799-DIAGNOSTIC-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-GENITOURINARY

    CPT 78799: Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedure, Genitourinary

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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