CPT code 78701 represents a nuclear medicine kidney scan used to assess renal structure and function, including blood flow and tracer transit through the kidneys. These scans can be performed as a cortical study to delineate kidney shape or as a functional study to measure how quickly and effectively the radionuclide passes through the kidney and drains into the bladder. The code is relevant nationally for nephrology, urology, radiology, and nuclear medicine practices involved in diagnosing obstructive uropathy, renal perfusion defects, and functional renal impairment.

Key payers in this analysis include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise clinical context for the service, typical sites of care, and an overview of billing considerations relevant to institutional and professional billing lines. The publication also summarizes common modifiers associated with imaging services, where available, and points to areas where policy updates or payer-specific coverage rules can affect reimbursement and prior authorization requirements.

This summary is intended for national audiences including clinicians, practice managers, and revenue cycle professionals seeking a clear description of the service, payer landscape, and the operational contexts in which CPT code 78701 is billed.