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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesBone/Joint StudiesCPT cpt-77077-joint-survey-single-view-per-joint
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    CPT 77077: Joint Survey, Single View per Joint

    Medicare pays $33 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 77077 describes a joint survey in which the provider obtains a single radiographic view of each of two or more joints, representing a limited imaging service performed typically in an imaging suite, radiology department, or outpatient clinic for evaluation of joint pathology or injury; the code documents the performance and reporting of one view per joint within a single combined survey encounter.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mapping, Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mapping, Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mapping.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient for 77077 is an adult presenting to an outpatient radiology department or ambulatory surgical center with pain, limited range of motion, or suspected degenerative or inflammatory changes involving multiple small joints (for example, bilateral hands or multiple finger joints) where the provider performs a joint survey study obtaining a single radiographic view of each joint. The clinical workflow: the provider (radiologist or orthopedic surgeon) receives the order from the referring clinician (primary care, rheumatology, or orthopedics), confirms patient identity and the ordered joint survey, explains the procedure to the patient, positions each involved joint, acquires one view per joint using appropriate technique and radiation safety, documents the study and findings in the radiology report, and forwards images and report to the referring clinician for diagnosis and treatment planning. Typical pre- and post-procedure activities include review of indications, confirmation of laterality, image acquisition and processing, and formal interpretation with archived images in the PACS. Typical sites of service include outpatient radiology departments, ambulatory imaging centers, and office-based imaging suites within orthopedic or rheumatology practices.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    73030Radiologic examination, shoulder; complete, minimum of two viewsOften ordered when a more complete shoulder assessment is required beyond single-view joint survey
    73000Radiologic examination, shoulder; 1 viewComparable single-view shoulder exam when only one view of a single joint is performed
    73200Radiologic examination, humerus; 1 viewSingle-view long bone radiographs of the upper arm that may be performed if adjacent structures are symptomatic
    73560Radiologic examination, hip; unilateral, 1 or 2 viewsUsed when hip joint evaluation is needed in addition to small joint surveys
    76000Fluoroscopic guidance and localization of needle or catheter for diagnostic studyMay be used in workflows where localization or additional procedural imaging is needed following diagnostic survey

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207RH0000X
    207R00000X
    207T00000X
    207L00000X
    207V00000X
    226300000X
    261QS1200X
    3747A0650X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Neurology/Neurosurgery1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mappingpremerabluecrossofwashington2027-02-05
    Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mappingpremerabluecrossofwashington2027-02-05
    Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mappingpremerabluecrossofwashington2027-02-05
    Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Inhibitors: Vyepti (eptinezumab-jjmr)Mass General Brigham Health Plan2027-01-04
    Clinical Review Criteria Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM)Kaiser Permanente2027-01-01
    Open Neuroplasty Lumbar PlexusCigna2026-12-15
    Laser Interstitial Thermal TherapyCigna2026-11-15
    Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines (i.e., Nerivio®)bcbsvermont2026-11-01
    Artificial Cervical Intervertebral Discuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Microdiscectomyuniverahealthcare2026-10-15

    Related Codes

    CPT-77071-JOINT-RADIOGRAPHIC-STRESS-VIEWS

    CPT 77071: Stress Radiographic Views of a Joint

    CPT-77072-SKELETAL-MATURITY-XRAY-HAND-WRIST

    CPT 77072: Skeletal Maturity (Bone Age) X‑ray

    CPT-77073-LOWER-EXTREMITY-LEG-LENGTH-MEASUREMENT

    CPT 77073: Lower Extremity Imaging for Leg Length Measurement

    CPT-77074-SKELETAL-RADIOGRAPHIC-SERIES-EVALUATION-OF-METASTATIC-DISEASE

    CPT 77074: Skeletal Survey for Evaluation of Bone Disease

    CPT-77075-WHOLE-BODY-SKELETAL-RADIOGRAPHY

    CPT 77075: Skeletal Survey for Metastatic Evaluation

    CPT-77076-INFANT-SKELETAL-XRAY

    CPT 77076: Infant Skeletal Radiography

    CPT-77078-CT-BONE-DENSITY-AND-STRUCTURE-STUDY

    CPT 77078: CT Bone Density and Bone Mass Assessment

    CPT-77080-DXA-BONE-DENSITY-TRUNK

    CPT 77080: DXA Trunk Bone Mineral Density Measurement

    CPT-77081-DUAL-ENERGY-DXA-BONE-MINERAL-DENSITY

    CPT 77081: Dual Energy X‑Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) for BMD

    CPT-77084-MRI-BONE-MARROW-PERFUSION-EVALUATION

    CPT 77084: MRI Evaluation of Bone Marrow Perfusion

    Showing 1–10 of 16

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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