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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesPersons with potential health hazards related to communicable diseasesICD-10-CM z28-immunization-not-carried-out
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    ICD-10-CM Code For Immunization Not Carried Out And Underimmunization Status: Group Overview

    The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) code group Z28 includes diagnoses for instances where immunizations were not administered and for documented underimmunization status, covering reasons such as refusal, contraindication, or lack of access. These ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes are used to document preventive care status, capture exposure risk related to vaccine-preventable diseases, and support public health tracking. Accurate coding within the ICD-10-CM Z28 group supports complete clinical documentation and appropriate reimbursement.

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    ICD-10-CM Z28: Immunization Not Carried Out And Underimmunization Status Overview

    The ICD-10-CM Z28 group captures situations where immunizations were not given or where a patient is underimmunized. These diagnoses relate to preventive care and communicable disease risk rather than a specific organ system. Accurate coding of these statuses affects public health reporting and can impact reimbursement for preventive services and counseling.

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    When to Use

    Use a code from this group when a patient’s immunization was not carried out or when the record documents underimmunization status. Select the specific code that reflects the documented reason, such as refusal, contraindication, or absence of immunization.

    ICD-10-CM Codes

    17 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    Z28.01Immunization not carried out because of acute illness of patient
    Z28.02Immunization not carried out because of chronic illness or condition of patient
    Z28.03Immunization not carried out because of immune compromised state of patient
    Z28.04Immunization not carried out because of patient allergy to vaccine or component
    Z28.09Immunization not carried out because of other contraindication
    Z28.1Immunization not carried out because of patient decision for reasons of belief or group pressure
    Z28.20Immunization not carried out because of patient decision for unspecified reason
    Z28.21Immunization not carried out because of patient refusal
    Z28.29Immunization not carried out because of patient decision for other reason
    Z28.310Unvaccinated for COVID-19
    Z28.311Partially vaccinated for COVID-19
    Z28.39Other underimmunization status
    Z28.81Immunization not carried out due to patient having had the disease
    Z28.82Immunization not carried out because of caregiver refusal
    Z28.83Immunization not carried out due to unavailability of vaccine
    Z28.89Immunization not carried out for other reason
    Z28.9Immunization not carried out for unspecified reason

    DRG Codes

    2 rows

    DRG CodeDescription
    795Normal Newborn
    951Other Factors Influencing Health Status

    Typical Clinical Scenarios

    • A parent brings a healthy 6-week-old infant to the pediatric clinic for routine care but declines the recommended vaccinations for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis after discussing risks and benefits. The visit is documented to record the refusal and to counsel on catch-up schedules; a diagnosis from this group is assigned to indicate immunization not carried out because of caregiver refusal. Typical codes: Z28.01, Z28.82
    • An adult migrant presents to an outpatient clinic requesting records and catch-up immunizations after arriving from a country where childhood vaccines were not routinely administered; the clinician documents incomplete immunization status and schedules necessary vaccines. The record reflects underimmunization needing catch-up immunization, so a code from this group is used to indicate underimmunization status. Typical codes: Z28.21, Z28.89
    • A hospitalized elderly patient is admitted with cellulitis and on review is found to have no documented pneumococcal or influenza vaccinations; the health team documents that immunizations were not carried out during prior care and notes need for vaccination planning on discharge. A code from this group is assigned to capture the person’s lack of prior immunizations as a comorbidity affecting preventive care. Typical codes: Z28.81, Z28.9

    Related Codes

    Z20-CONTACT-WITH-SUSPECTED-EXPOSURE

    ICD-10-CM Code For Contact With And (Suspected) Exposure To Communicable Diseases: Group Overview

    Z21-ASYMPTOMATIC-HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION

    ICD-10-CM Code For Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Status: Group Overview

    Z22-CARRIER-OF-INFECTIOUS-DISEASE

    ICD-10-CM Code For Carrier Of Infectious Disease: Group Overview

    Z23-ENCOUNTER-FOR-IMMUNIZATION

    ICD-10-CM Code For Encounter For Immunization: Group Overview

    Z29-ENCOUNTER-FOR-PROPHYLACTIC-MEASURES

    ICD-10-CM Code For Encounter For Other Prophylactic Measures: Group Overview

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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