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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesTherapeutic Nuclear Medicine ProceduresCPT cpt-79440-radiopharmaceutical-injection-for-synovial-inflammation
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    CPT 79440: Therapeutic Radioactive Joint Injection

    Medicare pays $81 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 79440 describes a procedure in which a provider injects a radioactive substance into a joint to reduce synovial inflammation; this is a therapeutic joint radiopharmaceutical injection often used for chemical synovectomy or radiosynoviorthesis, performed as an outpatient interventional procedure in an imaging or ambulatory surgical setting to target inflamed synovium and relieve joint symptoms.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysis, Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family Plans, Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage Criteria.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 68-year-old patient with chronic, refractory synovitis of the knee secondary to osteoarthritis presents after failing conservative measures including oral/IA corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid injections. The orthopedic or rheumatology team evaluates the patient, confirms ongoing inflammatory joint pain with synovial hypertrophy on ultrasound or MRI, and discusses radiosynoviorthesis as a therapeutic option. On the day of service the patient is verified for allergies and anticoagulation status, informed consent is obtained, and baseline vitals are recorded. Under sterile technique in an outpatient procedure suite or hospital outpatient department, the provider aspirates joint effusion if present, injects a radiopharmaceutical (commonly yttrium-90, rhenium-186, or erbium-169 depending on joint size) into the joint space, and may administer a small local anesthetic. Post-injection the limb is immobilized for a short period and radiation safety instructions are given. Typical follow-up includes activity restrictions for 48–72 hours, symptom reassessment at 4–8 weeks, and imaging if clinically indicated. Typical sites of service are outpatient procedure suite, ambulatory surgical center, or hospital outpatient department. Providers commonly performing this procedure include rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, and nuclear medicine physicians.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    20610Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection; major joint or bursa (e.g., shoulder, hip, knee)Often performed immediately before radiosynoviorthesis to aspirate effusion and confirm intra-articular placement
    77012Fluoroscopic guidance for needle placement (contrast injection)Used when image guidance is necessary to ensure accurate joint injection of radiopharmaceutical
    78230Arthrography, radiological supervision and interpretationMay be used for imaging evaluation of joint space when anatomical detail is required before injection
    79440Radiosynoviorthesis; intra-articular injection of radiopharmaceuticalThis is the primary therapeutic procedure delivering radiopharmaceutical to ablate inflamed synovium
    99213Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patientUsed for pre-procedure evaluation or routine follow-up visits assessing response to radiosynoviorthesis

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    73Modifier 73 indicates a facility-level outpatient hospital or ASC procedure that was discontinued after the patient was prepared and taken to the procedure/operating room but before any anesthesia…- When to use: Apply CPT modifier 73 on the FACILITY (outpatient hospital or ASC) claim when the patient has been fully prepared and physically taken into the procedure/operating room but the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    2084P0800X
    207L00000X
    363A00000X
    246ZG0701X
    364SL0600X
    2471S1302X
    311Z00000X
    207YX0901X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    27 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    G56.01Carpal tunnel syndrome, right upper limb
    M02.30Reiter's disease, unspecified site
    M05.79Rheumatoid arthritis with rheumatoid factor of multiple sites without organ or systems involvement
    M06.071Rheumatoid arthritis without rheumatoid factor, right ankle and foot
    M06.9Rheumatoid arthritis, unspecified
    M12.50Traumatic arthropathy, unspecified site
    M12.569Traumatic arthropathy, unspecified knee
    M13.0Polyarthritis, unspecified
    M15.0Primary generalized (osteo)arthritis
    M17.0Bilateral primary osteoarthritis of knee

    Showing 1–10 of 27

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Nephrology1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysisCigna2026-08-15
    Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family PlansCigna2026-08-15
    Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage CriteriaBlue Cross Blue Shield - Iowa2026-08-05
    Voyxact (sibeprenlimab-szsl) — Prior authorization / medical necessity for primary IgA nephropathyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Oxlumo (lumasiran) and Rivfloza (nedosiran) — Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Korsuva (difelikefalin) — Medical Benefit Drug Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Complement Inhibitors - EmpaveliCigna2026-08-01
    Tolvaptan (Jynarque)Cigna2026-08-01
    Nephrology - Filspari (sparsentan) coverageCigna2026-08-01
    Rivfloza (nedosiran) prior authorization for PH1UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-79005-ORAL-RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL-THERAPY

    CPT 79005: Oral Radiopharmaceutical Therapy

    CPT-79101-RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL-INTRAVENOUS-THERAPY

    CPT 79101: Intravenous Radiopharmaceutical Therapy

    CPT-79200-INTRACAVITARY-RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL-ADMINISTRATION

    CPT 79200: Intracavitary Radiopharmaceutical Administration

    CPT-79300-INTERSTITIAL-BRACHYTHERAPY-IMPLANTATION

    CPT 79300: Brachytherapy Radioactive Seed/Wire Implantation

    CPT-79403-RADIOLABELED-MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY-INFUSION

    CPT 79403: Intravenous Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody Infusion

    CPT-79445-TRANSARTERIAL-RADIOEMBOLIZATION-INTRA-ARTERIAL-RADIOACTIVE-INJECTION

    CPT 79445: Transarterial Radioembolization (Intra-arterial Embolization)

    CPT-79999-RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL-THERAPY-UNLISTED-PROCEDURE

    CPT 79999: Radiopharmaceutical Therapy, Unlisted Procedure

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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