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CPT 76941: Ultrasound Guidance for Intrauterine Fetal Transfusion/Cordocentesis

CPT code 76941 covers imaging supervision and interpretation provided during ultrasound-guided intrauterine fetal transfusion or cordocentesis, a critical diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for fetal blood assessment and management. Nationally, this code identifies specialized maternal-fetal medicine imaging services that support high-acuity prenatal care and resource-intensive procedures. Payment and coverage for 76941 directly affect access to coordinated perinatal care teams and hospital-based maternal-fetal services.

Key payers in this analysis include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise overview of the clinical context for the code, typical settings where the service is delivered, and the payers commonly engaged in adjudicating claims for this service. The publication summarizes benchmarking considerations and common billing modifiers that appear with the service line, and outlines policy and coding nuances relevant to intrauterine transfusion and cordocentesis imaging supervision.

This executive summary prepares clinical and billing audiences to understand where 76941 fits within prenatal, diagnostic, and interventional workflows, and what elements are most relevant when documenting and submitting claims for ultrasound-guided fetal procedures. Data not available in the input is noted where applicable.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 76941 describes imaging supervision and interpretation provided during an ultrasound-guided intrauterine fetal transfusion or cordocentesis. Cordocentesis is a diagnostic procedure to obtain and evaluate fetal blood. The service includes real-time ultrasound guidance and the professional interpretation of imaging performed while the invasive fetal procedure is underway.

Service type: Imaging supervision and interpretation for invasive fetal procedures

Typical site of service: Hospital inpatient or outpatient settings, or specialized maternal-fetal medicine clinics

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CPT 76941: Ultrasound Guidance for Intrauterine Fetal Transfusion/Cordocentesis

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Imaging supervision and interpretation for invasive fetal procedures

Typical site of service: Hospital inpatient or outpatient settings, or specialized maternal-fetal medicine clinics

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A pregnant patient at 24–34 weeks' gestation with suspected fetal anemia due to alloimmunization or suspected fetal infection is referred for diagnostic cordocentesis (percutaneous umbilical blood sampling) with or without an intrauterine fetal transfusion. The maternal-fetal medicine team coordinates care: maternal blood typing and antibody titers are reviewed, prior ultrasound assessment documents hydrops or middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity elevation, and informed consent is obtained. On procedure day the patient is placed in a supine or left lateral tilt position in an ultrasound-equipped procedure room. Real-time ultrasound is used to identify fetal presentation, placental location, and an optimal umbilical cord insertion site. Under sterile technique, the operator performs direct needle access to the umbilical vein at the cord or intrahepatic portion of the fetal circulation. The imaging provider performs continuous ultrasound supervision and records images for interpretation during access, sampling, and any transfusion. Specimens are sent for fetal blood gas, hemoglobin/hematocrit, direct antiglobulin testing, and karyotype or infection studies as indicated. If fetal transfusion is performed, the imaging guidance continues for needle placement, transfusion monitoring, and post-procedure assessment of fetal well-being. Typical post-procedure workflow includes fetal heart rate monitoring, ultrasound reassessment for bleeding or hematoma, and admission or observation per institutional protocol. This service is billed as imaging supervision and interpretation associated with separately reportable cordocentesis or intrauterine transfusion under code 76941.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`26`	Professional component	Use when billing only the physician interpretation portion separate from technical component.
`TC`	Technical component	Use when billing only the equipment/technical component of the ultrasound imaging.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when imaging supervision and interpretation is separate and distinct from another procedure performed the same day.
`76`	Repeat procedure by same physician	Use when the imaging supervision and interpretation is performed more than once on the same day by the same provider.
`77`	Repeat procedure by another physician	Use when a different physician repeats the imaging supervision and interpretation the same day.
`78`	Unplanned return to operating/procedure room by same physician following initial service	Use if patient requires an immediate return for additional cordocentesis or transfusion for complications.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the imaging supervision or interpretation was partially performed or limited.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the procedure was started but terminated due to patient safety concerns before completion of imaging supervision.
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when the imaging supervision and interpretation required substantially greater physician work than usual.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons of the same specialty are required and documentation supports shared operative responsibility for access or transfusion.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207RC0000X	Maternal-Fetal Medicine	Subspecialists in high-risk obstetrics who perform fetal procedures and supervise imaging.
207RH0002X	Obstetrics & Gynecology	General OB/GYNs in tertiary centers who may participate in fetal interventions.
207RA0501X	Diagnostic Radiology	Radiologists with expertise in ultrasound-guided procedures who may interpret imaging during cordocentesis.
2080P0206X	Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine	Neonatologists who may assist with anticipated neonatal resuscitation and transfusion planning.
207LP2900X	Perinatology (Maternal-Fetal Medicine physician ext.)	Additional perinatal specialists involved in multidisciplinary care.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`O36.0130`	Maternal care for isoimmunization, fetus 1, unspecified trimester	Isoimmunization is a common indication for fetal blood sampling and intrauterine transfusion.
`O36.0134`	Maternal care for isoimmunization, fetus 1, third trimester	Indicates late-gestation fetal anemia surveillance and potential transfusion.
`O36.0132`	Maternal care for isoimmunization, fetus 1, second trimester	Pertinent when middle cerebral artery Doppler suggests fetal anemia prompting cordocentesis.
`P55.0`	Hemolytic disease of fetus or newborn due to isoimmunization (erythroblastosis fetalis)	Describes fetal condition that may necessitate diagnostic fetal blood sampling and transfusion.
`O36.8220`	Maternal care for other specified fetal problems, fetus 1, unspecified trimester	Used when specific fetal problems (like suspected infection causing anemia) are being evaluated via cordocentesis.
`O36.0120`	Maternal care for suspected fetal anemia, fetus 1, unspecified trimester	Directly describes the clinical indication for cordocentesis and fetal transfusion guidance.
`P35.8`	Other perinatal viral diseases	Intrauterine infection workup with cordocentesis may be performed when fetal infection is suspected.
`O42.00`	Premature rupture of membranes, unspecified trimester	While not a direct indication, membrane status affects timing and risk assessment for invasive fetal procedures and may be documented in the care plan.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`59400`	Routine obstetric care including antepartum care, vaginal delivery (with or without episiotomy, and postpartum care)	May be billed by the obstetrician managing the pregnancy; documents global obstetric management separate from the image-guidance service.
`76815`	Transvaginal ultrasound, fetal and maternal assessment (intrapartum or antepartum)	Often used for antepartum fetal assessment before planning cordocentesis; complementary diagnostic imaging.
`36556`	Therapeutic apheresis (plasma exchange), 1 plasma volume, per treatment (used here as example of transfusion-related procedure in maternal care)	Not directly performed on the fetus but conceptually related to maternal procedures addressing alloimmunization; included for workflow context when maternal interventions occur.
`36514`	Collection of blood from peripheral device; for exchange transfusion workup in perinatal care	Related to pre- and post-procedure maternal/neonatal blood management and laboratory access.
`76942`	Ultrasonic guidance for vascular access requiring imaging supervision and interpretation; imaging supervision and interpretation (when vascular access is performed)	Similar imaging-guidance service code for percutaneous vascular access; conceptually related as an alternative ultrasonography guidance code when documentation supports a different access site.

CPT 76932: Ultrasound Guidance Imaging for Endomyocardial Biopsy

CPT-76936-ULTRASOUND-GUIDED-PSEUDOANEURYSM-COMPRESSION-REPAIR

CPT 76936: Ultrasound-Guided Pseudoaneurysm/AV Fistula Compression Repair

CPT-76937-ULTRASOUND-GUIDANCE-VASCULAR-ACCESS

CPT 76937: Ultrasound Guidance for Vascular Access Procedures

CPT-76940-ULTRASOUND-GUIDANCE-PARENCHYMAL-ABLATION-MONITORING

CPT 76940: Ultrasound Guidance for Parenchymal Tissue Ablation

CPT-76942-ULTRASOUND-GUIDANCE-NEEDLE-PLACEMENT

CPT 76942: Ultrasonography Guidance for Needle Placement

CPT-76945-ULTRASOUND-GUIDANCE-CHORIONIC-VILLUS-SAMPLING-SUPERVISION

CPT 76945: Ultrasound Guidance and Imaging for Chorionic Villus Sampling

CPT-76946-ULTRASOUND-GUIDANCE-AMNIOCENTESIS-SUPERVISION-INTERPRETATION

CPT 76946: Ultrasound Guidance Imaging for Amniocentesis

CPT-76948-ULTRASOUND-SUPERVISION-INTERPRETATION-OVA-ASPIRATION

CPT 76948: Imaging Supervision and Interpretation for Ultrasound-Guided Ova Aspiration

CPT-76965-ULTRASOUND-GUIDED-INTERSTITIAL-BRACHYTHERAPY-PLACEMENT

CPT 76965: Ultrasound-Guided Interstitial Brachytherapy Placement

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`26`	Professional component	Use when billing only the physician interpretation portion separate from technical component.
`TC`	Technical component	Use when billing only the equipment/technical component of the ultrasound imaging.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when imaging supervision and interpretation is separate and distinct from another procedure performed the same day.
`76`	Repeat procedure by same physician	Use when the imaging supervision and interpretation is performed more than once on the same day by the same provider.
`77`	Repeat procedure by another physician	Use when a different physician repeats the imaging supervision and interpretation the same day.
`78`	Unplanned return to operating/procedure room by same physician following initial service	Use if patient requires an immediate return for additional cordocentesis or transfusion for complications.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the imaging supervision or interpretation was partially performed or limited.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the procedure was started but terminated due to patient safety concerns before completion of imaging supervision.
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when the imaging supervision and interpretation required substantially greater physician work than usual.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons of the same specialty are required and documentation supports shared operative responsibility for access or transfusion.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207RC0000X	Maternal-Fetal Medicine	Subspecialists in high-risk obstetrics who perform fetal procedures and supervise imaging.
207RH0002X	Obstetrics & Gynecology	General OB/GYNs in tertiary centers who may participate in fetal interventions.
207RA0501X	Diagnostic Radiology	Radiologists with expertise in ultrasound-guided procedures who may interpret imaging during cordocentesis.
2080P0206X	Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine	Neonatologists who may assist with anticipated neonatal resuscitation and transfusion planning.
207LP2900X	Perinatology (Maternal-Fetal Medicine physician ext.)	Additional perinatal specialists involved in multidisciplinary care.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`O36.0130`	Maternal care for isoimmunization, fetus 1, unspecified trimester	Isoimmunization is a common indication for fetal blood sampling and intrauterine transfusion.
`O36.0134`	Maternal care for isoimmunization, fetus 1, third trimester	Indicates late-gestation fetal anemia surveillance and potential transfusion.
`O36.0132`	Maternal care for isoimmunization, fetus 1, second trimester	Pertinent when middle cerebral artery Doppler suggests fetal anemia prompting cordocentesis.
`P55.0`	Hemolytic disease of fetus or newborn due to isoimmunization (erythroblastosis fetalis)	Describes fetal condition that may necessitate diagnostic fetal blood sampling and transfusion.
`O36.8220`	Maternal care for other specified fetal problems, fetus 1, unspecified trimester	Used when specific fetal problems (like suspected infection causing anemia) are being evaluated via cordocentesis.
`O36.0120`	Maternal care for suspected fetal anemia, fetus 1, unspecified trimester	Directly describes the clinical indication for cordocentesis and fetal transfusion guidance.
`P35.8`	Other perinatal viral diseases	Intrauterine infection workup with cordocentesis may be performed when fetal infection is suspected.
`O42.00`	Premature rupture of membranes, unspecified trimester	While not a direct indication, membrane status affects timing and risk assessment for invasive fetal procedures and may be documented in the care plan.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`59400`	Routine obstetric care including antepartum care, vaginal delivery (with or without episiotomy, and postpartum care)	May be billed by the obstetrician managing the pregnancy; documents global obstetric management separate from the image-guidance service.
`76815`	Transvaginal ultrasound, fetal and maternal assessment (intrapartum or antepartum)	Often used for antepartum fetal assessment before planning cordocentesis; complementary diagnostic imaging.
`36556`	Therapeutic apheresis (plasma exchange), 1 plasma volume, per treatment (used here as example of transfusion-related procedure in maternal care)	Not directly performed on the fetus but conceptually related to maternal procedures addressing alloimmunization; included for workflow context when maternal interventions occur.
`36514`	Collection of blood from peripheral device; for exchange transfusion workup in perinatal care	Related to pre- and post-procedure maternal/neonatal blood management and laboratory access.
`76942`	Ultrasonic guidance for vascular access requiring imaging supervision and interpretation; imaging supervision and interpretation (when vascular access is performed)	Similar imaging-guidance service code for percutaneous vascular access; conceptually related as an alternative ultrasonography guidance code when documentation supports a different access site.

CPT 76932: Ultrasound Guidance Imaging for Endomyocardial Biopsy

CPT-76936-ULTRASOUND-GUIDED-PSEUDOANEURYSM-COMPRESSION-REPAIR

CPT 76936: Ultrasound-Guided Pseudoaneurysm/AV Fistula Compression Repair

CPT-76937-ULTRASOUND-GUIDANCE-VASCULAR-ACCESS

CPT 76937: Ultrasound Guidance for Vascular Access Procedures

CPT-76940-ULTRASOUND-GUIDANCE-PARENCHYMAL-ABLATION-MONITORING

CPT 76940: Ultrasound Guidance for Parenchymal Tissue Ablation

CPT-76942-ULTRASOUND-GUIDANCE-NEEDLE-PLACEMENT

CPT 76942: Ultrasonography Guidance for Needle Placement

CPT-76945-ULTRASOUND-GUIDANCE-CHORIONIC-VILLUS-SAMPLING-SUPERVISION

CPT 76945: Ultrasound Guidance and Imaging for Chorionic Villus Sampling

CPT-76946-ULTRASOUND-GUIDANCE-AMNIOCENTESIS-SUPERVISION-INTERPRETATION

CPT 76946: Ultrasound Guidance Imaging for Amniocentesis

CPT-76948-ULTRASOUND-SUPERVISION-INTERPRETATION-OVA-ASPIRATION

CPT 76948: Imaging Supervision and Interpretation for Ultrasound-Guided Ova Aspiration

CPT-76965-ULTRASOUND-GUIDED-INTERSTITIAL-BRACHYTHERAPY-PLACEMENT

CPT 76965: Ultrasound-Guided Interstitial Brachytherapy Placement

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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CPT 76941: Ultrasound Guidance for Intrauterine Fetal Transfusion/Cordocentesis

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Billing Code Overview

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

CPT 76941: Ultrasound Guidance for Intrauterine Fetal Transfusion/Cordocentesis

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Billing Code Overview

CPT 76941: Ultrasound Guidance for Intrauterine Fetal Transfusion/Cordocentesis

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What does CPT 76941 represent and where is it typically performed?

What clinical scenarios or diagnoses justify use of 76941?

Which billing modifiers are commonly used with 76941 and when are they appropriate?

Are there related CPT codes or other services to consider when submitting claims for 76941?

Which provider specialties perform or supervise 76941 and which payers are referenced in the summary?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What does CPT 76941 represent and where is it typically performed?

What clinical scenarios or diagnoses justify use of 76941?

Which billing modifiers are commonly used with 76941 and when are they appropriate?

Are there related CPT codes or other services to consider when submitting claims for 76941?

Which provider specialties perform or supervise 76941 and which payers are referenced in the summary?

References