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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesEndoscopic Stomal ProceduresCPT cpt-44391-colonoscopy-via-colostomy-stoma-therapeutic-evaluation
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    CPT 44391: Colonoscopy via Colostomy Stoma with Hemostasis

    Medicare pays $730 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 44391 describes endoscopic examination of the remaining colon performed through an existing colostomy stoma using a colonoscope to visualize the mucosa and identify and repair sources of internal bleeding; service type: endoscopic colonic evaluation with therapeutic hemostasis, typical site of service: operating room or endoscopy suite accessed via colostomy stoma.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Diabetic Supplies, Radiofrequency Ablation for Thyroid Nodules, Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Delivery for Managing Diabetes (for Idaho Only).

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 68-year-old male with a prior left hemicolectomy and a permanent end colostomy presents for surveillance and evaluation of intermittent bright red bleeding from the stoma and new onset cramping. The colorectal surgeon schedules a stoma colonoscopy to inspect the remaining colon through the previously created colostomy stoma. On arrival to the outpatient endoscopy suite, the patient undergoes pre-procedure assessment, informed consent specific to 44391, and standard sedation screening. The procedure is performed with conscious sedation by the attending colorectal surgeon and an assisting registered nurse. A colonoscope is introduced through the colostomy stoma; the mucosa of the remaining colon is carefully inspected. A localized oozing vascular lesion is identified in the sigmoid remnant and treated endoscopically with bipolar cautery for hemostasis. Post-procedure recovery includes monitoring in the PACU, discharge instructions for stoma care, and scheduling of pathology follow-up or repeat surveillance as indicated.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    45380Colonoscopy, flexible; with biopsy, single or multiplePerformed if endoscopic biopsies are taken from mucosal lesions identified during 44391.
    45385Colonoscopy, flexible; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by snare techniqueApplicable when polypectomy is performed through the colostomy stoma during the stoma colonoscopy.
    45378Colonoscopy, flexible; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)Used when diagnostic inspection is performed and washings or brushings are obtained.
    43255Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing when performed (EGD)May be performed in the same patient for upper GI evaluation if clinically indicated, billed separately.
    45384Colonoscopy, flexible; with direct visualization and injection, therapy (eg, hemostasis)Related therapeutic code for endoscopic hemostasis procedures that may be reported depending on exact technique used during 44391.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    73Modifier 73 indicates a facility-level outpatient hospital or ASC procedure that was discontinued after the patient was prepared and taken to the procedure/operating room but before any anesthesia…- When to use: Apply CPT modifier 73 on the FACILITY (outpatient hospital or ASC) claim when the patient has been fully prepared and physically taken into the procedure/operating room but the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207V00000X
    207L00000X
    208U00000X
    283X00000X
    2084P0805X
    2279P1005X
    246Q00000X
    2083P0011X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Endocrinology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Diabetic SuppliesCigna2026-10-15
    Radiofrequency Ablation for Thyroid NodulesCigna2026-10-15
    Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Delivery for Managing Diabetes (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Delivery for Managing Diabetes (for Indiana Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Tzield (teplizumab-mzwv) CoverageUnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines Insulin PumpsMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-10-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines: Continuous Glucose MonitorsMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-10-01
    Continuous Glucose MonitoringAmbetter Nevada2026-10-01
    Salivary Hormone TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Bone Turnover Markers TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-44380-STOMAL-ILEOSCOPY-ENDOSCOPIC-ILEUM-EXAMINATION

    CPT 44380: Ileoscopy via Stoma with Brushings or Washings

    CPT-44381-ILEOSCOPY-THROUGH-STOMA-WITH-BALLOON-DILATION

    CPT 44381: Ileoscopy via Stoma with Endoscopic Balloon Dilation

    CPT-44382-ILEOSCOPY-THROUGH-STOMA-BIOPSY

    CPT 44382: Ileoscopy Through Stoma with Biopsy

    CPT-44384-ILEOSCOPY-WITH-STENT-PLACEMENT-THROUGH-STOMA

    CPT 44384: Ileoscopy with Endoscopic Stent Placement via Stoma

    CPT-44385-ILEAL-POUCH-ENDOSCOPIC-EVALUATION-WITH-BIOPSY-WASHINGS

    CPT 44385: Endoscopic Evaluation of Ileal Pouch with Brushings/Washings

    CPT-44386-ENDOSCOPIC-POUCHOSCOPY-WITH-BIOPSY

    CPT 44386: Endoscopic Examination of Ileal Pouch with Biopsy

    CPT-44388-COLONOSCOPY-VIA-COLOSTOMY-STOMA-SURVEILLANCE

    CPT 44388: Colonoscopy Through Colostomy Stoma for Evaluation

    CPT-44389-STOMAL-COLONOSCOPY-WITH-BIOPSY

    CPT 44389: Endoscopic Colon Examination Through Stoma with Biopsy

    CPT-44390-COLONOSCOPY-THROUGH-COLOSTOMY-STOMA-FOREIGN-BODY-REMOVAL

    CPT 44390: Colonoscopy via Colostomy for Foreign Body Removal

    CPT-44392-COLONOSCOPY-THROUGH-COLOSTOMY-LESION-EXCISION

    CPT 44392: Colonoscopy via Colostomy Stoma with Polypectomy

    Showing 1–10 of 19

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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