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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesEndoscopic Small Intestine ProceduresCPT cpt-44360-upper-small-bowel-endoscopy-jejunum-brushing
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    CPT 44360: Endoscopic Exam of Duodenum and Jejunum with Brushing

    Medicare pays $130 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 44360 describes an upper endoscopic examination of the small intestine performed via the mouth that includes inspection of the first and second portions of the duodenum and extends into the jejunum (excluding the ileum) to evaluate symptoms such as bleeding or diarrhea, with sampling of suspicious tissue by brushing or washing for cytologic analysis; service type: diagnostic endoscopy with cytologic sampling; typical site of service: outpatient endoscopy suite or hospital endoscopy unit.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 58-year-old patient presents to the gastroenterology clinic with several weeks of melena, intermittent epigastric pain, and unintentional weight loss. Noninvasive testing (fecal occult blood testing and laboratory studies) suggests ongoing upper gastrointestinal blood loss. The gastroenterologist schedules an upper endoscopy with evaluation of the proximal small intestine to identify a bleeding source or mucosal abnormality. During an upper endoscopic procedure performed in an outpatient endoscopy suite, the provider advances a standard upper endoscope through the esophagus and stomach into the duodenum, inspects the first and second portions of the duodenum, and advances into the proximal jejunum as clinically indicated. The provider documents visual findings, performs targeted brushing or washing to obtain cytology specimens of suspicious mucosa, and may obtain biopsies through a separate tissue-sampling code if performed. The clinical workflow includes pre-procedure history and consent, sedation and monitoring by nursing and anesthesia staff as indicated, endoscopic inspection and sampling, immediate post-procedure recovery and discharge instructions, and transmission of cytology specimens to the pathology laboratory for analysis.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    43235Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, diagnostic, with biopsy, single or multipleCommonly performed when tissue biopsy of stomach or duodenum is obtained in addition to proximal small-bowel inspection
    43239Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, diagnostic, with collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washingOverlaps with proximal small-bowel cytology sampling; if brushing/washing is reported for separate sites, coding must reflect distinct service
    45380Colonoscopy, flexible; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washingPerformed in the same episode of care when lower GI evaluation for bleeding or diarrhea is required; complementary procedure
    43249Endoscopy, gastroduodenoscopy, with removal of foreign bodyRelated when removal is required during upper endoscopic exploration of proximal small intestine
    43259Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with dilation of esophagusMay be performed before or during the same session when concomitant therapeutic dilation is necessary

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207RH0000X
    208800000X
    363L00000X
    335E00000X
    207L00000X
    213ES0103X
    3336M0002X
    364SM0705X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-44361-ENDOSCOPY-PROXIMAL-SMALL-INTESTINE-BIOPSY

    CPT 44361: Endoscopy Beyond Second Duodenum with Biopsy

    CPT-44363-ENDOSCOPIC-JEJUNAL-INTUBATION-FOREIGN-BODY-REMOVAL

    CPT 44363: Endoscopy of Duodenum and Jejunum with Foreign Body Removal

    CPT-44364-SMALL-BOWEL-ENDOSCOPY-SNARE-POLYPECTOMY

    CPT 44364: Small-Bowel Enteroscopy with Snare Polypectomy

    CPT-44365-SMALL-INTESTINE-ENDOSCOPY-LESION-REMOVAL

    CPT 44365: Endoscopy Beyond Second Duodenum with Hot Biopsy or Bipolar Cautery

    CPT-44366-UPPER-SMALL-BOWEL-ENDOSCOPY-HEMOSTASIS

    CPT 44366: Endoscopic Small-Bowel Exam Beyond Duodenum with Hemostasis

    CPT-44369-ENDOSCOPIC-LASER-RADIOFREQUENCY-ABLATION-SMALL-BOWEL

    CPT 44369: Endoscopic Small Bowel Laser/Radiofrequency Ablation

    CPT-44370-UPPER-GI-ENDOSCOPY-DILATION-STENT-PLACEMENT

    CPT 44370: Endoscopic Dilation and Stent Placement in Upper GI

    CPT-44372-ENDOSCOPIC-JEJUNAL-FEEDING-TUBE-PLACEMENT

    CPT 44372: Endoscopic Jejunostomy Tube Placement

    CPT-44373-GASTROSTOMY-TO-JEJUNOSTOMY-CONVERSION-ENDOSCOPIC

    CPT 44373: Conversion of Gastrostomy Tube to Jejunostomy via Abdominal Approach

    CPT-44376-DIAGNOSTIC-UPPER-ENDOSCOPY-BRUSHING-LAVAGE

    CPT 44376: Upper GI Endoscopy with Brush Cytology

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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