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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDialysis Circuit ProceduresCPT cpt-36902-dialysis-circuit-angiography-balloon-angioplasty
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    CPT 36902: Dialysis Circuit Angiography with Balloon Angioplasty

    Medicare pays $1241 and commercial payers pay $1182 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 36902 describes percutaneous dialysis circuit angiography with fluoroscopic needle or catheter placement, contrast injection and image capture to visualize the entire dialysis access circuit, followed by balloon angioplasty of an identified obstructed segment; service type: image-guided diagnostic angiography with therapeutic balloon dilation; typical site of service: outpatient or hospital-based interventional radiology or endovascular suite under fluoroscopic guidance.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistula Creation, Dialysis Services (ESRD) Coverage and Provider Requirements, Total Parenteral Nutrition and Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition.

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    National Reimbursement Benchmarks

    Nationally, Medicare’s mean rate of $1,240.80 for CPT 36902 sits slightly above BUCA’s commercial average of $1,181.80, indicating Medicare reimbursement is modestly higher than this blended commercial benchmark. The proximity of those means suggests commercial arrangements captured by BUCA are competitive with public rates for this code, with differences on the order of roughly $59.00.

    Dispersion varies across payers: Blue Cross Blue Shield shows a wide interquartile spread (P75–P25 = $1,274.00), and UnitedHealth Group is the widest with a spread of $1,568.00, indicating large variability in contracted rates. Aetna and Cigna are comparatively tighter, with spreads of $1,013.90 and $1,294.80 respectively, while BUCA’s spread is $1,109.50 and Medicare’s is narrow at $154.00, making Medicare the tightest and UnitedHealth Group the most dispersed.

    National Payer Mean Reimbursement Rates

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    State Reimbursement Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 51

    Rate by payer

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis via a forearm arteriovenous graft presents with progressive difficulty achieving adequate dialysis flows and elevated venous pressures during treatments. Physical exam reveals decreased thrill over the graft and prolonged bleeding after needle removal. Duplex ultrasound suggests high-grade outflow stenosis. The interventional team schedules a fluoroscopically guided diagnostic angiography of the dialysis circuit with balloon angioplasty of an identified stenotic segment.

    The procedure is performed in an outpatient interventional radiology or vascular access suite under conscious sedation. The operator introduces a needle and catheter into the dialysis circuit under fluoroscopic guidance, injects contrast to image the arterial anastomosis through the venous outflow to the central veins, documents the angiographic findings, and identifies a focal stenosis in the graft outflow. Balloon angioplasty is performed across the stenotic segment with serial inflations until satisfactory luminal gain and improved flow are visualized. Radiological supervision and interpretation are provided, and images and a formal report are generated. The patient is observed briefly postprocedure and discharged the same day with instructions for follow-up dialysis access monitoring.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    36901Introduction of needle(s) and/or catheter(s), dialysis circuit, with diagnostic angiography of the dialysis circuit, including all direct puncture(s) and catheter placement(s), injection(s) of contrast, all necessary imaging from the arterial anastomosis and adjacent artery through entire venous outflow including the inferior or superior vena cava, fluoroscopic guidance, radiological supervision and interpretation and image documentation and report

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    74Modifier ‑74 indicates an outpatient hospital or ASC procedure that was discontinued after anesthesia was administered and after the procedure had begun. Use this modifier when anesthesia (local,…- Use modifier -74 when a procedure in an outpatient hospital or ASC setting is terminated after anesthesia has been administered and after the procedure has commenced (for example, after incision,…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    2086S0129X
    208C00000X
    207V00000X
    251J00000X
    163WH0200X
    311Z00000X
    225400000X
    152W00000X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Dialysis/Renal Replacement1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistula CreationAmeriHealth Caritas2026-08-01
    Dialysis Services (ESRD) Coverage and Provider RequirementsMississippi Division of Medicaid2026-08-01
    Total Parenteral Nutrition and Intradialytic Parenteral NutritionCentene2026-05-01
    End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD): Renal Dialysispriority health2026-02-01
    Dialysis services (acute and chronic hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis)UnitedHealthcare2026-01-01
    Home Hemodialysis (HHD) Coverage Criteriasierra health and life2026-01-01
    Home Hemodialysis (HHD) — Coverage CriteriaUnitedHealthcare2026-01-01
    Staff-Assisted Home HemodialysisCigna2025-11-15
    Parsabiv (etelcalcetide) Coverage for Secondary HyperparathyroidismMolina Healthcare2025-10-09
    DefenCath (taurolidine/heparin catheter lock) CoverageMass General Brigham Health Plan2025-09-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-36901-DIALYSIS-CIRCUIT-CONTRAST-ANGIOGRAPHY-FLUOROSCOPIC-EVALUATION

    CPT 36901: Dialysis Circuit Angiography with Fluoroscopic Contrast

    CPT-36903-DIALYSIS-ACCESS-ANGIOGRAPHY-WITH-STENT-PLACEMENT

    CPT 36903: Dialysis Access Angiography with Intravascular Stent Placement

    CPT-36904-DIALYSIS-CIRCUIT-THROMBECTOMY-THROMBOLYSIS

    CPT 36904: Dialysis Circuit Thrombectomy with Pharmacologic Thrombolysis

    CPT-36905-DIALYSIS-CIRCUIT-THROMBECTOMY-ANGIOPLASTY-ANGIOGRAPHY

    CPT 36905: Dialysis Circuit Thrombectomy with Angioplasty

    CPT-36906-DIALYSIS-CIRCUIT-THROMBECTOMY-STENT-PLACEMENT

    CPT 36906: Dialysis Circuit Thrombectomy, Angioplasty, and Stent Placement

    CPT-36907-DIALYSIS-ACCESS-BALLOON-ANGIOPLASTY-CENTRAL-SEGMENT

    CPT 36907: Balloon Angioplasty of Obstructed Central Segment

    CPT-36908-DIALYSIS-CIRCUIT-INTRAVASCULAR-STENT-PLACEMENT

    CPT 36908: Intravascular Stent Placement for Dialysis Circuit

    CPT-36909-DIALYSIS-CIRCUIT-ENDOVASCULAR-OCCLUSION-EMBOLIZATION

    CPT 36909: Permanent Endovascular Occlusion of Dialysis Circuit

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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    Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

    Diagnostic angiography component; billed when angiography is performed without angioplasty or as the diagnostic portion when separate reporting is indicated.
    36903Dialysis circuit angiography procedure plus intravascular stent placement(s) in the peripheral dialysis segmentUsed when angioplasty alone is insufficient and stent placement in the peripheral dialysis segment is performed after angiography.
    36904Percutaneous transluminal mechanical thrombectomy and/or infusion for thrombolysis, dialysis circuit, any method, including all imaging and radiological supervision and interpretation, diagnostic angiography, fluoroscopic guidance, catheter placement(s), and intraprocedural pharmacological thrombolytic injection(s)Performed when the dialysis circuit has acute thrombotic occlusion requiring mechanical thrombectomy or infusion thrombolysis in addition to diagnostic angiography.
    36905Percutaneous transluminal mechanical thrombectomy and/or infusion for thrombolysis, dialysis circuit, any method, including all imaging and radiological supervision and interpretation, diagnostic angiography, fluoroscopic guidance, catheter placement(s), and intraprocedural pharmacological thrombolytic injection(s)Alternate thrombectomy/thrombolysis code for differing techniques or settings; related when thrombus is encountered during angiography.
    36907Obstructed central segment dialysis circuit angioplasty by balloon, with radiological supervision and interpretation includedSimilar angioplasty code specifically for obstructed central segments; used when the stenosis is in the central venous outflow rather than peripheral graft segment.