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End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD): Renal Dialysis
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Clinical coverage and coding guidance for renal replacement therapies and vascular access in patients with end-stage renal disease; applies to Priority Health members and providers delivering dialysis-related services.
No material clinical or coverage changes in this revision.
Coverage Criteria for Renal Replacement and Vascular Access
Transplant referral and dialysis initiation criteria
Clinical guidance and referral/ initiation considerations
Early referral allows time for evaluation and interventions to address relative contraindications and to explore living-donor options.
Guidance aligned with KDIGO, KDOQI and other guideline recommendations; use shared decision-making and ensure functioning access is in place when possible.
Covered dialysis services
Covered when billed with appropriate CPT/HCPCS codes for ESRD-related dialysis services, vascular access procedures, imaging/interventions, and home dialysis as specified in the policy.
Refer to specific code descriptors for age- and setting-based distinctions (e.g., pediatric face-to-face visit frequency for monthly ESRD codes; report Condition Code 74 when dialysis is provided in the home setting).
Percutaneous endovascular arteriovenous fistula systems (EndoAVF/WavelinQ/EverlinQ) have device-specific vessel requirements. These systems are indicated for creation of an arteriovenous fistula using concomitant radial or ulnar artery and vein in patients who have minimum artery and vein diameters of 2.0 mm at the planned fistula creation site.
Coding: CPT, HCPCS, ICD-10, and Revenue Codes
| 36836 | Percutaneous arteriovenous fistula creation, upper extremity, single access of both the peripheral artery and peripheral vein, including fistula maturation procedures (eg, transluminal balloon angioplasty, coil embolization) when performed, including all vascular access, imaging guidance and radiologic supervision and interpretation [Ellipsys™ Vascular Access System (Medtronic)] |
| 36837 | Percutaneous arteriovenous fistula creation, upper extremity, separate access sites of the peripheral artery and peripheral vein, including fistula maturation procedures (eg, transluminal balloon angioplasty, coil embolization) when performed, including all vascular access, imaging guidance and radiologic supervision and interpretation [WavelinQ™ EndoAVF System (BD)] |
| G0491 | Dialysis procedure at a Medicare certified ESRD facility for acute kidney injury without ESRD |
| 90935 | Hemodialysis procedure with single evaluation by a physician or other qualified health care professional |
| 90937 | Hemodialysis procedure requiring repeated evaluation(s) with or without substantial revision of dialysis prescription |
| 90945 | Dialysis procedure other than hemodialysis (e.g., peritoneal dialysis, hemofiltration, or other continuous renal replacement therapies), with single evaluation by a physician or other qualified health care professional |
| 90947 | Dialysis procedure other than hemodialysis (e.g., peritoneal dialysis, hemofiltration, or other continuous renal replacement therapies) requiring repeated evaluation(s) |
| 90957 | ESRD services monthly, patients 12-19, 4+ face-to-face visits |
| 90958 | ESRD services monthly, patients 12-19, 2-3 face-to-face visits |
| 90959 | ESRD services monthly, patients 12-19, 1 face-to-face visit |
| 90960 | ESRD services monthly, patients 20+, 4+ face-to-face visits |
| 90961 | ESRD services monthly, patients 20+, 2-3 face-to-face visits |
| 36558 | Insertion of tunneled central venous catheter, without port; age 5+ |
| 36581 | Replacement, complete, of tunneled central venous catheter |
| 36589 | Removal of tunneled central venous catheter |
| 36800 | Insertion of cannula for hemodialysis; vein to vein |
| 36810 | Insertion of cannula for hemodialysis; arteriovenous, external |
| 36815 | Insertion of cannula for hemodialysis; external revision or closure |
| 36831 | Thrombectomy, open, AV fistula without revision |
| 36832 | Revision, open, AV fistula; without thrombectomy |
| 36833 | Revision, open, AV fistula; with thrombectomy |
| 36835 | Insertion of Thomas shunt |
| E09.21-E09.29 | Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with kidney complications |
| E10.21-E10.29 | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with kidney complications |
| E11.21-E11.29 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with kidney complications |
| E13.21-E13.29 | Other specified diabetes mellitus with kidney complications |
| I12.0-I13.2 | Hypertensive chronic kidney disease codes |
| N17.0-N17.9 | Acute kidney failure |
| N18.1-N18.6, N18.9 | Chronic kidney disease stages 1-5, ESRD, unspecified |
| T86.10-T86.19 | Complications of kidney transplant |
| Z49.0-Z49.32 | Encounter for care involving renal dialysis |
| 0800-0809 | Inpatient Renal Dialysis revenue codes |
| 0820-0829 | Hemodialysis-Outpatient or Home revenue codes |
| 0830-0839 | Peritoneal Dialysis-Outpatient or Home revenue codes |
| 0840-0849 | CAPD-Outpatient or Home revenue codes |
| 0850-0859 | CCPD-Outpatient or Home revenue codes |
| 0880-0889 | Miscellaneous Dialysis revenue codes |
| 90989 | End-stage renal disease (ESRD) related services for dialysis less than a full month of service, per day; for patients 20 years of age and older. |
| 90993 | Dialysis training, patient, including helper where applicable, any mode, course not completed, per training session. |
| 90999 | Unlisted dialysis procedure, inpatient or outpatient |
| Condition Code 74 | Renal dialysis setting - home |
| 36558 | Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump; age 5 years or older. |
| 36581 | Replacement, complete, of a tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump, through same venous access. |
| 36589 | Removal of tunneled central venous catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump. |
| 36800 | Insertion of cannula for hemodialysis, other purpose; vein to vein. |
| 36810 | Insertion of cannula for hemodialysis; arteriovenous, external. |
| 36815 | Insertion of cannula for hemodialysis; arteriovenous, external revision, or closure. |
| 36831 | Thrombectomy, open, arteriovenous fistula without revision, autogenous or nonautogenous dialysis graft (separate procedure). |
| 36832 | Revision, open, arteriovenous fistula; without thrombectomy, autogenous or nonautogenous dialysis graft (separate procedure). |
| 36833 | Revision, open, arteriovenous fistula; with thrombectomy, autogenous or nonautogenous dialysis graft (separate procedure). |
| 36835 | Insertion of Thomas shunt (separate procedure). |
| 90951 | ESRD related services monthly, patients <2 years, 4+ face-to-face visits per month. |
| 90952 | ESRD related services monthly, patients <2 years, 2-3 face-to-face visits per month. |
| 90953 | ESRD related services monthly, patients <2 years, 1 face-to-face visit per month. |
| 90954 | ESRD monthly services, patients 2-11 years, 4+ visits. |
| 90955 | ESRD monthly services, patients 2-11 years, 2-3 visits. |
| 90956 | ESRD monthly services, patients 2-11 years, 1 visit. |
| 90963 | ESRD related services for home dialysis per full month, patients <2 years (includes monitoring). |
| 90964 | ESRD related services for home dialysis per full month, patients 2-11 years. |
| 90967 | ESRD related services for dialysis less than full month, per day; patients younger than 2 years. |
| 90968 | ESRD related services for dialysis less than a full month, per day; patients 2-11 years. |
| C7513 | Dialysis circuit introduction with angiography and transluminal balloon angioplasty of central dialysis segment (Billable by ASC). |
| C7514 | Same as C7513 with transcatheter stent placement central dialysis segment (Billable by ASC). |
| C7515 | Dialysis circuit introduction with permanent endovascular embolization/occlusion (Billable by ASC). |
| C7530 | Dialysis circuit introduction with transluminal balloon angioplasty peripheral and central plus stent placement (Billable by ASC). |
Provider Actions, Prior Authorization, and Documentation
Prior authorization: Percutaneous AVF creation (CPT 36836, 36837)
Percutaneous AVF creation CPT codes 36836 and 36837 are listed as covered with no prior authorization required; in addition, the policy states prior authorization is not required for dialysis for Priority Health Medicare members.
ASC-billable dialysis circuit HCPCS codes may require facility/provider authorization
The policy identifies HCPCS codes C7513, C7514, C7515, and C7530 as dialysis-circuit intervention codes that are billable by ambulatory surgical centers (ASC) and may require standard facility/provider authorization per site-of-service rules.
- C7513 — Dialysis circuit introduction with angiography and central segment angioplasty (Billable by ASC).
- C7514 — Same as C7513 with central segment stent placement (Billable by ASC).
- C7515 — Dialysis circuit introduction with permanent endovascular embolization/occlusion (Billable by ASC).
- C7530 — Dialysis circuit introduction with peripheral and central angioplasty plus stent placement (Billable by ASC).
Home hemodialysis (HHD) — modality description (no step therapy specified)
Home hemodialysis (HHD) is described as a self-dialysis option performed at home on a more intensive schedule than conventional in‑center HD, intended to reduce morbidity and mortality by shortening the interdialytic interval.
- HHD involves patient self-dialysis several times per week at home, day or overnight, on a more intensive schedule than conventional in-center HD.
- No step therapy requirements are specified for HHD in this portion of the policy.
Clinical guideline references (no step therapy specified)
The document references clinical guidance sources (e.g., KDOQI, CMS manuals) to inform practice standards; the policy portion does not specify an explicit step therapy sequence.
- References include CMS Medicare Benefit Policy Manual Chapter 11 and KDOQI vascular access and nutrition guidelines.
- No stepwise treatment or prior-step requirements are defined in this section.
Document patient education and transplant referral for advanced CKD (eGFR <30)
Document patient education about dialysis modalities and evidence of transplant evaluation/referral when eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 or when preparing for dialysis initiation and access placement.
- Provide and document education on transplantation, peritoneal dialysis, home and in‑center hemodialysis, and conservative treatment per KDOQI guidance.
- Refer patients interested in transplantation with no contraindications to a transplant program when eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and document evaluation steps taken.
Reporting and documentation: Condition Code 74 and appropriate ESRD/dialysis codes
When dialysis services occur in the home setting, report Condition Code 74 and include appropriate CPT/HCPCS codes for dialysis training, ESRD monthly/partial-month services, vascular access, and imaging/interventional procedures as documented in the policy.
Prior authorization not required for Dialysis for Priority Health Medicare members
Prior authorization is not required for dialysis services for Priority Health Medicare members per the policy coding information.
- Providers delivering dialysis for Priority Health Medicare members do not need to obtain prior authorization.
Background and Clinical Context
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for most patients with end-stage renal disease and should be discussed with all patients who have irreversible or progressive chronic kidney disease. Referral to a transplant program is recommended early; guideline-based counseling and education about treatment options (including transplantation, peritoneal dialysis, home hemodialysis, and in-center hemodialysis) should begin for patients approaching advanced CKD (for example, those with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) to allow timely evaluation and planning.
Definitions and Terminology
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