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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesAnesthesia for Radiological ProceduresCPT cpt-01931-anesthesia-interventional-radiology-intrahepatic-portal
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    CPT 01931: Anesthesia for Therapeutic Interventional Radiology on Intrahepatic/Portal Circulation

    Commercial payers pay $73 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 01931 describes anesthesia services provided for therapeutic interventional radiology procedures targeting the intrahepatic or portal circulation (blood flow within the liver); service type: anesthesia for interventional radiology procedures; typical site of service: hospital interventional radiology suite or ambulatory surgical center where image-guided hepatic/portal vascular interventions are performed.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders, Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders, Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders.

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    National Reimbursement Benchmarks

    Commercial reimbursement for CPT 01931 centers around BUCA’s average commercial rate of $72.70, with notable variation among major payers. Aetna and Cigna sit at higher mean levels ($86.90 and $94.20 respectively) while Blue Cross Blue Shield and UnitedHealth Group are lower on average ($62.60 and $67.10). Maxima and minima are available for some carriers but BUCA is presented as the average commercial benchmark rather than extremes.

    Dispersion (P75 minus P25) highlights where rates are most and least concentrated: Aetna’s interquartile spread is $70.70 ($115.40 - $44.70), Cigna’s is $54.20 ($121.10 - $67.90), Blue Cross Blue Shield’s is $39.70 ($78.30 - $42.60), UnitedHealth Group’s is $30.30 ($80.30 - $51.00), and BUCA’s is $47.60 ($92.00 - $48.40). Aetna exhibits the widest dispersion and UnitedHealth Group the tightest.

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    National Payer Mean Reimbursement Rates

    State Reimbursement Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 51

    Rate by payer

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 68-year-old patient with primary hepatocellular disease is scheduled for a therapeutic interventional radiology procedure targeting the intrahepatic portal circulation (for example, transarterial chemoembolization or portal vein embolization) that requires general anesthesia. Preoperative evaluation documents limited functional status and comorbidities (e.g., controlled hypertension and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The patient arrives to the outpatient interventional radiology suite or an inpatient angiography/interventional radiology operating room. The anesthesia team (anesthesiology physician and/or certified registered nurse anesthetist) performs the pre-anesthesia assessment, obtains informed consent, establishes intravenous access, and induces general anesthesia with airway management as indicated. Intraoperative monitoring includes continuous ECG, pulse oximetry, end-tidal CO2, invasive arterial monitoring if indicated, and hemodynamic support during embolization of intrahepatic or portal vessels. Postprocedure, the patient is transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit for recovery and monitoring of hemodynamics and potential complications (bleeding, hepatic ischemia, or postembolization syndrome). Documentation includes anesthesia start and end times, airway technique, monitoring modalities, anesthetic agents, fluid and blood product administration, vasoactive medications, and immediate postoperative condition.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    66984Extracapsular cataract removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207L00000XAnesthesiology PhysicianAn anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
    367500000XCertified Registered Nurse Anesthetist(1) A licensed registered nurse with advanced specialty education in anesthesia who, in collaboration with appropriate health care professionals, prov…
    207W00000XOphthalmology PhysicianAn ophthalmologist has the knowledge and professional skills needed to provide comprehensive eye and vision care. Ophthalmologists are medically train…
    332BN1400XNursing Facility Supplies (DME)Suppliers · Durable Medical Equipment & Medical Supplies
    364SP0811XChronically Ill Psychiatric/Mental Health Clinical Nurse SpecialistPhysician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Clinical Nurse Specialist
    207ZP0102XAnatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology PhysicianA pathologist deals with the causes and nature of disease and contributes to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment through knowledge gained by the labora…
    2080P0210XPediatric Nephrology PhysicianA pediatrician who deals with the normal and abnormal development and maturation of the kidney and urinary tract, the mechanisms by which the kidney c…
    261QR1300XRural Health Clinic/CenterAmbulatory Health Care Facilities · Clinic/Center

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    30 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    C22.0Liver cell carcinoma
    C22.1Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
    C22.9Malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary
    C78.7Secondary malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile duct
    D18.02Hemangioma of intracranial structures
    E78.5Hyperlipidemia, unspecified
    H25.9Unspecified age-related cataract
    H26.9Unspecified cataract
    H52.4Presbyopia
    H53.8Other visual disturbances

    Showing 1–10 of 30

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    7 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-01916-ANESTHESIA-FOR-DIAGNOSTIC-ARTERIOGRAPHY-OR-VENOGRAPHY

    CPT 01916: Anesthesia for Diagnostic Arteriography or Venography

    CPT-01920-CORONARY-ANGIOGRAPHY-VENTRICULOGRAPHY-ANESTHESIA

    CPT 01920: Anesthesia for Coronary Angiography and Ventriculography

    CPT-01922-ANESTHESIA-NONINVASIVE-IMAGING-RADIATION-THERAPY

    CPT 01922: Anesthesia for Non‑Invasive Imaging or Radiation Therapy

    CPT-01924-ANESTHESIA-THERAPEUTIC-INTERVENTIONAL-ARTERIAL-PROCEDURES

    CPT 01924: Anesthesia for Therapeutic Arterial Interventional Radiology

    CPT-01925-ANESTHESIA-THERAPEUTIC-INTERVENTIONAL-RADIOLOGY-CAROTID-CORONARY

    CPT 01925: Anesthesia for Therapeutic Interventional Radiological Procedures, Carotid or Coronary

    CPT-01926-ANESTHESIA-THERAPEUTIC-ENDOVASCULAR-AORTIC-INTRACRANIAL-INTRACARDIAC

    CPT 01926: Anesthesia for Therapeutic Interventional Radiology Procedures

    CPT-01930-ANESTHESIA-VENOUS-LYMPHATIC-INTERVENTIONAL-RADIOLOGY

    CPT 01930: Anesthesia for Therapeutic Venous/Lymphatic Interventions

    CPT-01932-ANESTHESIA-INTERVENTIONAL-RADIOLOGY-JUGULAR-INTRATHORACIC-VEINS

    CPT 01932: Anesthesia for Jugular or Intrathoracic Venous Interventional Radiology

    CPT-01933-ANESTHESIA-INTRACRANIAL-INTERVENTIONAL-RADIOLOGY

    CPT 01933: Anesthesia for Intracranial Venous/Lymphatic Interventional Radiology

    CPT-01937-ANESTHESIA-CERVICAL-THORACIC-IMAGE-GUIDED-SPINE-PROCEDURES

    CPT 01937: Anesthesia for Percutaneous Cervical or Thoracic Spine Procedures

    Showing 1–10 of 15

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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    Listed in input; unrelated to hepatic/portal anesthesia clinically but appears as an associated ophthalmic code in the dataset; not part of typical IR workflow.
    66982Complex cataract surgery with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesisListed in input; ophthalmic complex cataract code present in dataset; not ordinarily related to intrahepatic/portal interventional procedures.
    01932Anesthesia for procedures on eye; other than lens surgeryListed in input; an ophthalmic anesthesia code included in the dataset though not applicable to intrahepatic portal interventions.
    01933Anesthesia for procedures on eye; vitrectomyListed in input; ophthalmic anesthesia code present in the provided related codes list but not clinically linked to intrahepatic/portal IR procedures.