Cosmetic and Reconstructive Services (CMS03.12)
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Defines medical necessity, exclusions, and investigational determinations for cosmetic and reconstructive surgical and related procedures for Johns Hopkins Health Plans lines of business, including InterQual and select NCDs/LCDs references.
Removed 'Keloid Treatment' and CMS15.02 Treatment for Skin Conditions link to policy.
For Sclerotherapy, removed CMS22.01 Minimally Invasive Treatments of Varicosities' link to the policy.
'Tattoo Removal' and the link to the CMS16.02 Treatment for Skin Conditions policy were removed.
Coverage Criteria
Covered Procedures with Criteria
Covered when ALL of the following general conditions or specific criteria are met:
General Considerations A.1
Chunks 10.2-10.3
Chunk 10.B.1
Chunk 10.B.2
Chunk 10.B.3
Chunk 10.B.4
Chunk 11
Chunk 11 (see CMS16.02 references)
Chunk 11
Chunk 14
Chunk 15
Chunk 15
Chunks 15 and 17
Chunk 15
Chunk 16
Chunk 16
Chunk 16
Chunk 17
Cosmetic — Not Medically Necessary
Not medically necessary unless contract provides benefits and specific criteria above are met:
Chunk 17 C.1 list
Investigational / Experimental
Determined investigational (not meeting Technology Assessment Criteria):
Chunks 18-19
Investigational Determination via TEC
Investigational services are considered investigational when they do not meet the Technology Evaluation Criteria (TEC).
Chunk 23 (TEC list) and Chunk 18 (investigational examples)
Lines of business within Johns Hopkins Health Plans have distinct contracts, benefits, regulatory requirements, and clinical guidance that take precedence over this policy. Always verify coverage and authorization rules against the member's specific plan documents and applicable external guidance (e.g., Medicare/LCD/NCD) when applying the provisions of this policy.
Surgery performed solely to maintain or enhance appearance beyond a normal physical appearance, or performed primarily for psychological purposes, is considered cosmetic and is excluded from coverage unless the member's contract provides cosmetic benefits or the situation meets an exception described in this policy (for example, prompt repair after accidental injury or procedures that improve function of a malformed body member). Specific examples of cosmetic procedures are listed in the policy and will be considered not medically necessary unless the member meets applicable reconstructive criteria.
The policy was revised to remove several topics previously linked or referenced. Specifically, Keloid Treatment, the CMS15.02 "Treatment for Skin Conditions" link, the CMS22.01 "Minimally Invasive Treatments of Varicosities" (sclerotherapy) link, and Tattoo Removal (and its CMS16.02 linkage) were removed from CMS03.12. These topics are no longer governed by this policy and may require referral to their respective policies or benefit documents.
The policy lists numerous procedures that are classified as cosmetic and therefore are not medically necessary unless the member's contract provides benefits or the member satisfies specific reconstructive criteria elsewhere in this document. Examples include abdominoplasty, brachioplasty, face lift (rhytidectomy), hair transplant for purely cosmetic reasons, lip augmentation, liposuction, otoplasty, pectoral implants for augmentation only, penile augmentation, Radiesse® injections for wrinkle reduction, and use of tissue expanders solely for size or contour change. When a procedure has reconstructive indications documented, coverage may be considered per the applicable criteria.
Certain services are determined to be investigational because they do not meet the Technology Evaluation Criteria (TEC) and therefore are not covered. Examples identified in this policy include autologous fat transplantation for implanting adipose-derived stem cells and specified treatments for pectus excavatum such as the magnetic mini-mover procedure, the vacuum bell, and the Dynamic Compression System.
Coding
| 11920 | Tattooing, intradermal introduction of insoluble opaque pigments to correct color defects of skin, including micropigmentation; 6.0 sq cm or less |
| 11921 | Tattooing, intradermal introduction of insoluble opaque pigments to correct color defects of skin, including micropigmentation; 6.1 to 20.0 sq cm |
| 11922 | Tattooing, intradermal introduction of insoluble opaque pigments to correct color defects of skin, including micropigmentation; each additional 20.0 sq cm, or part thereof |
| 11950 | Subcutaneous injection of filling material (eg, collagen); 1 cc or less |
| 11951 | Subcutaneous injection of filling material (eg, collagen); 1.1 to 5.0 cc |
| 11952 | Subcutaneous injection of filling material (eg, collagen); 5.1 to 10.0 cc |
| 11954 | Subcutaneous injection of filling material (eg, collagen); over 10.0 cc |
| 11960 | Insertion of tissue expander(s) for other than breast, including subsequent expansion |
| 11970 | Replacement of tissue expander with permanent prosthesis |
| 11971 | Removal of tissue expander(s) without insertion of prosthesis |
| 15829 | Rhytidectomy; superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) flap |
| 15832 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); thigh |
| 15833 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); leg |
| 15834 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); hip |
| 15835 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); buttock |
| 15836 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); arm |
| 15837 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); forearm or hand |
| 15838 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); submental fat pad |
| 15839 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); other area |
| 15847 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy), abdomen (eg, abdominoplasty) (includes umbilical transposition and fascial plication) |
| 19316 | Mastopexy |
| 19318 | Breast reduction |
| 19325 | Mammoplasty, augmentation; with prosthetic implant |
| 19328 | Removal of intact mammary implant |
| 19330 | Removal of mammary implant material |
| 19340 | Insertion of breast implant on same day of mastectomy (i.e immediate) |
| 19342 | Delayed insertion of breast prosthesis following mastopexy, mastectomy or in reconstruction |
| 19350 | Nipple/areola reconstruction |
| 19355 | Correction of inverted nipples |
| 19357 | Breast reconstruction, immediate or delayed, with tissue expander, including subsequent expansion |
| 19369 | Breast reconstruction with TRAM, double pedicle, including closure of donor site |
| 19370 | Open periprosthetic capsulotomy, breast |
| 19371 | Periprosthetic capsulectomy, breast |
| 19380 | Revision of reconstructed breast |
| 19396 | Preparation of moulage for custom breast implant |
| 21060 | Meniscectomy, partial or complete, temporomandibular joint (separate procedure) |
| 21110 | Application of interdental fixation device for conditions other than fracture or dislocation, includes removal |
| 21120 | Genioplasty; augmentation (autograft, allograft, prosthetic material) |
| 21121 | Genioplasty; sliding osteotomy, single piece |
| 21122 | Genioplasty; sliding osteotomies, 2 or more osteotomies |
| 21154 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts |
| 21155 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts; with LeFort I |
| 21159 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement, requiring bone grafts; without LeFort I |
| 21160 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement, requiring bone grafts; with LeFort I |
| 21172 | Reconstruction superior-lateral orbital rim and lower forehead, advancement or alteration, with or without grafts |
| 21175 | Reconstruction, bifrontal, superior-lateral orbital rims and lower forehead, advancement or alteration |
| 21179 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with grafts (allograft or prosthetic material) |
| 21180 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with autograft (includes obtaining grafts) |
| 21181 | Reconstruction by contouring of benign tumor of cranial bones (eg, fibrous dysplasia), extracranial |
| 21182 | Reconstruction of orbital walls, rims, forehead, nasoethmoid complex following intra- and extracranial excision of benign tumor of cranial bone, with multiple autografts |
| 21193 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, horizontal, vertical, C, or L osteotomy; without bone graft |
| 21194 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, with bone graft (includes obtaining graft) |
| 21195 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami and/or body, sagittal split; without internal rigid fixation |
| 21196 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami and/or body, sagittal split; with internal rigid fixation |
| 21198 | Osteotomy, mandible, segmental |
| 21199 | Osteotomy, mandible, segmental; with genioglossus advancement |
| 21206 | Osteotomy, maxilla, segmental (eg, Wassmund or Schuchard) |
| 21208 | Osteoplasty, facial bones; augmentation (autograft, allograft, or prosthetic implant) |
| 21209 | Osteoplasty, facial bones; reduction |
| 21210 | Graft, bone; nasal, maxillary or malar areas (includes obtaining graft) |
| 21245 | Reconstruction of mandible or maxilla, subperiosteal implant; partial |
| 21246 | Reconstruction of mandible or maxilla, subperiosteal implant; complete |
| 21247 | Reconstruction of mandibular condyle with bone and cartilage autografts (includes obtaining grafts) |
| 21248 | Reconstruction of mandible or maxilla, endosteal implant; partial |
| 21249 | Reconstruction of mandible or maxilla, endosteal implant; complete |
| 21255 | Reconstruction of zygomatic arch and glenoid fossa with bone and cartilage (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21256 | Reconstruction of orbit with osteotomies (extracranial) and with bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21261 | Periorbital osteotomies for orbital hypertelorism, with bone grafts; extracranial approach |
| 21267 | Orbital repositioning, periorbital osteotomies, unilateral, with bone grafts; extracranial approach |
| 21268 | Orbital repositioning, periorbital osteotomies, unilateral, with bone grafts; combined intra- and extracranial approach |
| 21210 | Graft, bone; nasal, maxillary or malar areas (includes obtaining graft). |
| 21215 | Graft, bone; mandible (includes obtaining graft). |
| 21230 | Graft; rib cartilage, autogenous, to face, chin, nose or ear (includes obtaining graft). |
| 21235 | Graft; ear cartilage, autogenous, to nose or ear (includes obtaining graft). |
| 21240 | Arthroplasty, temporomandibular joint, with or without autograft (includes obtaining graft). |
| 21242 | Arthroplasty, temporomandibular joint, with allograft. |
| 21243 | Arthroplasty, temporomandibular joint, with prosthetic joint replacement. |
| 21244 | Reconstruction of mandible, extraoral, with transosteal bone plate (eg, mandibular staple bone plate). |
| 21245 | Reconstruction of mandible or maxilla, subperiosteal implant; partial. |
| 21246 | Reconstruction of mandible or maxilla, subperiosteal implant; complete. |
Provider Actions & Requirements
InterQual criteria required for coverage
Many reconstructive procedures (for example: brow & eyelid surgery, breast implants, breast reconstruction, breast reduction, orthognathic surgery, rhinoplasty/septoplasty) are covered only when InterQual® criteria are met; obtain prior authorization as required by the member's contract and include documentation demonstrating InterQual criteria are satisfied.
- InterQual criteria apply to Brow & Eyelid Surgery, Breast Implants, Breast Reconstruction, Breast Reduction, Orthognathic Surgery, and other listed procedures.
- Providers must supply documentation to show InterQual criteria are met when requesting authorization.
Inpatient pre-authorization
All inpatient admissions require pre-authorization; failure to obtain inpatient pre-authorization may lead to retrospective review or denial.
- Note in coding disclaimer: “All inpatient admissions require pre-authorization.”
Reference listed CPT codes on prior authorization requests
When requesting prior authorization, reference the CPT procedure codes listed in the policy (see coding sections) to identify the service(s) being requested.
Prior authorization may apply to listed CPT codes
Prior authorization may be required by plan rules when billing any of the numerous CPT procedure codes enumerated in the coding module; check plan-specific authorization requirements before performing surgery.
- The document lists many CPT procedure codes governed by this policy and states prior authorization may be required per plan rules.
- Confirm requirements with the member's benefit plan.
No step therapy details in document excerpt
The policy excerpt does not specify any step therapy requirements for cosmetic or reconstructive procedures in this portion of the document.
- No step therapy details are included in the provided sections.
Provide clinical documentation when cosmetic vs reconstructive is unclear
When it is unclear whether a procedure is primarily cosmetic or reconstructive, provide clinical documentation including the history and physical exam, pathology report (if applicable), and preoperative photographs so the Plan can determine classification.
- Documentation will be medically reviewed to determine whether the procedure is primarily reconstructive or cosmetic.
- Include history & physical, pathology report, and preoperative photographs in the authorization/claim submission.
Audits and monitoring may occur
Adherence to the policy may be monitored through post-payment data analysis and/or medical review audits; maintain complete documentation to support medical necessity.
- The coding disclaimer states: “Adherence to the provisions in this policy may be monitored and addressed through post payment data analysis and/or medical review audits.”
Document policy identifiers from header
Reference the policy Procedure Number (CMS03.12), Effective Date (04/01/2026), and Approval Date (01/20/2026) shown in the header when corresponding about or submitting documentation related to this policy version.
- Procedure Number = CMS03.12; Effective Date = 04/01/2026; Approval Date = 01/20/2026.
Include policy number and dates on submissions
Include the policy procedure number (CMS03.12), effective date (04/01/2026), and approval date (01/20/2026) on submissions to align with this policy version.
- Policy header identifies Procedure Number = CMS03.12 and dates to reference on submissions.
Insufficient documentation may trigger denial
If a procedure that has both cosmetic and reconstructive components lacks adequate clinical documentation (history, physical, pathology, preoperative photos) to demonstrate primarily reconstructive intent, the Plan will medically review and may deny the claim as primarily cosmetic.
- The Plan will medically review procedures with mixed cosmetic/reconstructive components and may deny if primarily cosmetic.
- Adequate documentation must be submitted to support reconstructive intent.
Pre-authorization required for inpatient admissions
Inpatient admissions performed without pre-authorization may be subject to denial or retrospective review by the Plan.
- “All inpatient admissions require pre-authorization.”
- Failure to pre-authorize may result in review or denial.
Cosmetic procedures may be denied as not medically necessary
Coverage may be denied when procedures billed are cosmetic rather than reconstructive; many CPT codes listed in the policy correspond to services that could be classified as cosmetic and are subject to coverage review.
- The policy lists numerous CPT codes for cosmetic/reconstructive services and notes coverage denials could be triggered when procedures are cosmetic in nature.
- Verify clinical indications and submit supporting documentation.
Removed topics may require referral to other policies
Items removed from this policy (Keloid Treatment, Sclerotherapy link to CMS22.01, Tattoo Removal link to CMS16.02) were noted in the revision history; refer to respective policies or guidance for coverage and authorization requirements for those services.
- Revision history: Removed 'Keloid Treatment' and links for Sclerotherapy and Tattoo Removal from CMS03.12.
- Refer to the specific policies referenced in the revision history for those services.
Background
Reconstructive surgical procedures are considered medically necessary when performed to improve or restore bodily function or to approximate normal appearance resulting from disease, trauma, congenital defects, or prior therapeutic interventions. Treatment of systemic complications from any surgical procedure is also considered medically necessary. The policy defers to established criteria such as InterQual and applicable NCDs/LCDs for procedure-specific coverage determinations.
Definitions
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