CPT 21242: TMJ Arthroplasty with Donor Graft

CPT code 21242 denotes temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroplasty or joint reconstruction using donor graft material to repair, reposition, or replace TMJ components. Nationally, this code captures complex reconstructive surgery aimed at restoring jaw function and reducing pain from degenerative disease, trauma, or congenital deformity. Proper coding for TMJ reconstruction influences claims adjudication, network utilization, and specialty surgical payment for maxillofacial and oral surgery practices.

Key payers covered in this analysis include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find an overview of clinical indications and typical service settings, plus national benchmarking context and payer coverage considerations. The publication outlines coding nuances relevant to surgical services, expected sites of service (hospital OR or ambulatory surgical center), and what stakeholders should consider when aligning clinical documentation with billing.

The analysis provides benchmarks for utilization and reimbursement patterns, highlights recent policy updates affecting high-complexity reconstructive procedures, and explains clinical context for when TMJ arthroplasty with donor graft material is reported. Data not available in the input is explicitly noted where applicable.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 21242 describes an arthroplasty, joint reconstruction or replacement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using donor graft material. The procedure involves repairing, repositioning, or replacing components of the TMJ to improve jaw function and relieve pain or dysfunction.

Service type: Surgical — TMJ reconstruction/arthroplasty using donor graft

Typical site of service: Hospital operating room or ambulatory surgical center

Data not available in the input.

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CPT 21242: TMJ Arthroplasty with Donor Graft

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Surgical — TMJ reconstruction/arthroplasty using donor graft

Typical site of service: Hospital operating room or ambulatory surgical center

Data not available in the input.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 46-year-old female presents with chronic, progressive right-sided temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, limited mouth opening, and progressive functional impairment after failed conservative management including oral anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, occlusal splinting, and arthrocentesis. Imaging (CT and MRI) demonstrates advanced joint degeneration with condylar erosion and ankylosis of the right TMJ. The oral and maxillofacial surgery team schedules a right temporomandibular joint arthroplasty with interpositional or replacement grafting using donor graft material to reconstruct the fossa and condyle and restore occlusion and jaw function. Preoperative workflow includes multidisciplinary evaluation (oral/maxillofacial surgeon, anesthesiology), informed consent documenting indication and risks, preoperative dental/infectious screening, and imaging review. Intraoperative workflow involves general anesthesia, surgical access to the TMJ, resection of nonviable joint components, placement and fixation of donor graft material for reconstruction, hemostasis, and closure. Postoperative workflow includes airway monitoring, pain control, antibiotics as indicated, early jaw range-of-motion therapy, and outpatient postoperative visits for wound check and functional assessment. Typical site of service is an ambulatory surgery center or hospital operating room under general anesthesia. Service type: operative surgical procedure (arthroplasty/reconstruction) of the temporomandibular joint.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`22`	Increased procedural services	When work, time, and complexity substantially exceed typical for `21242` (document rationale).
`24`	Unrelated evaluation and management service during postoperative period	Not listed in provided modifiers; Data not available in the input.
`26`	Professional component	When reporting only the surgeon’s professional component separate from technical services (rare for this surgery).
`50`	Bilateral procedure	When a bilateral TMJ arthroplasty is performed during the same operative session.
`51`	Multiple procedures	When `21242` is reported with other distinct procedures at the same session (append modifier as required by payer).
`52`	Reduced services	When the procedure is intentionally partially performed or aborted but not fully completed.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	When the procedure is started but discontinued due to extenuating circumstances or safety concerns.
`62`	Two surgeons	When two surgeons of different specialties operate together and each reports the portion of work performed.
`63`	Procedure performed on infants less than 4 kg	Applicable only if patient meets weight criteria (rare for TMJ arthroplasty).
`66`	Surgical team (multiple surgeons)	When a surgical team concept applies (e.g., complex reconstructive case requiring multiple attending surgeons).
`80`	Assistant surgeon	When an assistant surgeon participates and billing requires an `80` modifier for the assistant.
`81`	Minimum assistant surgeon	When a minimum assistant participates and that modifier is required by payer policy.
`82`	Assistant (when qualified resident not available)	When a qualified resident is not available and an assistant surgeon is required.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for Medicare	When a billing practitioner is a PA/NP/CNS providing services payable under Medicare rules (if applicable).

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207P00000X	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	Primary specialty performing TMJ arthroplasty and reconstruction.
207L00000X	Plastic Surgery	May perform complex craniofacial or reconstructive aspects of TMJ reconstruction.
207K00000X	Otolaryngology (ENT)	May be involved for skull base or adjacent temporal bone access and reconstruction.
208000000X	General Surgery	Occasionally involved in multidisciplinary head and neck reconstructive cases.
2080S0122X	Oral Surgery (Dentistry)	Dental surgical specialists who manage TMJ pathology and reconstruction.

Note: From the provided modifier list, only the most clinically relevant modifiers above were selected for 21242. If payer-specific modifier usage differs, follow payer policy for final billing.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`M26.60`	Temporomandibular joint disorder, unspecified	General TMJ disorder that may progress to require arthroplasty.
`M26.61`	Temporomandibular joint derangement, unspecified	Internal derangement with mechanical dysfunction often leading to surgical reconstruction.
`M26.62`	Arthropathy, temporomandibular joint	Chronic arthropathy or degenerative joint disease of the TMJ indicating need for arthroplasty.
`M26.67`	Ankylosis of temporomandibular joint	Bony or fibrous ankylosis causing severe restriction of jaw motion, often treated with arthroplasty.
`M26.69`	Other temporomandibular joint disorders	Miscellaneous structural TMJ disorders that may require reconstructive surgery.
`S02.61xA`	Fracture of condylar process of mandible, initial encounter	Post-traumatic changes or nonunion after condylar fracture that may necessitate reconstructive arthroplasty.
`K07.6`	Temporomandibular joint disorders, not elsewhere classified	Additional classification for TMJ functional disorders progressing to surgical indication.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`21099`	Unlisted procedure, bones and joints of skull and face	Used when an unusual or nonstandard TMJ reconstruction technique is performed that does not match existing codes; supplemental operative notes required.
`21247`	Reconstruction, mandible or facial bone, with internal rigid fixation	May be performed if concomitant rigid fixation of the mandible or facial skeleton is required during TMJ reconstruction.
`21045`	Excision, condyle or coronoid process of mandible; open	May be performed when resection of mandibular condylar elements is required prior to reconstruction.
`20926`	Interpositional graft, fascia lata or other soft tissue graft (e.g., temporalis muscle flap)	Used when autologous soft tissue grafts are placed as interposition material in TMJ arthroplasty.
`20680`	Removal of deep implant; e.g., plates, rods	May be reported if prior hardware is removed from the joint or mandibular region during the same operative session.
`21099`	Unlisted procedure, bones and joints of skull and face	Duplicate entry to highlight alternative when no direct code matches the reconstructive approach.

CPT 21120: Chin Implant Augmentation (Genioplasty)

CPT-21121-GENIOPLASTY-CHIN-ADVANCEMENT

CPT 21121: Genioplasty (Chin Advancement)

CPT-21122-GENIOPLASTY-CHIN-OSTEOTOMY-ASYMMETRY-CORRECTION

CPT 21122: Genioplasty for Chin Asymmetry Correction

CPT-21123-SLIDING-GENIOPLASTY-CHIN-AUGMENTATION-AUTOLOGOUS-BONE-GRAFT

CPT 21123: Sliding Genioplasty with Autologous Chin Augmentation

CPT-21125-MANDIBULAR-AUGMENTATION-WITH-IMPLANT

CPT 21125: Mandibular Augmentation with Implant

CPT-21127-MANDIBULAR-AUGMENTATION-BONE-GRAFTING

CPT 21127: Mandibular Augmentation with Bone Graft

CPT-21137-FOREHEAD-REDUCTION-FOREHEAD-CONTOURING

CPT 21137: Forehead Reduction and Contouring

CPT-21138-FOREHEAD-CONTOURING-AND-FOREHEAD-REDUCTION

CPT 21138: Forehead Contouring and Forehead Reduction

CPT-21139-FOREHEAD-CONTOURING-FRONTAL-SINUS-WALL-INCISION

CPT 21139: Forehead Contouring with Frontal Sinus Wall Incision

CPT-21141-LEFORT-I-MAXILLARY-OSTEOTOMY-MIDFACE-RECONSTRUCTION

CPT 21141: LeFort I Maxillary Osteotomy, Midface Reconstruction

Showing 1–10 of 64

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`22`	Increased procedural services	When work, time, and complexity substantially exceed typical for `21242` (document rationale).
`24`	Unrelated evaluation and management service during postoperative period	Not listed in provided modifiers; Data not available in the input.
`26`	Professional component	When reporting only the surgeon’s professional component separate from technical services (rare for this surgery).
`50`	Bilateral procedure	When a bilateral TMJ arthroplasty is performed during the same operative session.
`51`	Multiple procedures	When `21242` is reported with other distinct procedures at the same session (append modifier as required by payer).
`52`	Reduced services	When the procedure is intentionally partially performed or aborted but not fully completed.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	When the procedure is started but discontinued due to extenuating circumstances or safety concerns.
`62`	Two surgeons	When two surgeons of different specialties operate together and each reports the portion of work performed.
`63`	Procedure performed on infants less than 4 kg	Applicable only if patient meets weight criteria (rare for TMJ arthroplasty).
`66`	Surgical team (multiple surgeons)	When a surgical team concept applies (e.g., complex reconstructive case requiring multiple attending surgeons).
`80`	Assistant surgeon	When an assistant surgeon participates and billing requires an `80` modifier for the assistant.
`81`	Minimum assistant surgeon	When a minimum assistant participates and that modifier is required by payer policy.
`82`	Assistant (when qualified resident not available)	When a qualified resident is not available and an assistant surgeon is required.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for Medicare	When a billing practitioner is a PA/NP/CNS providing services payable under Medicare rules (if applicable).

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207P00000X	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	Primary specialty performing TMJ arthroplasty and reconstruction.
207L00000X	Plastic Surgery	May perform complex craniofacial or reconstructive aspects of TMJ reconstruction.
207K00000X	Otolaryngology (ENT)	May be involved for skull base or adjacent temporal bone access and reconstruction.
208000000X	General Surgery	Occasionally involved in multidisciplinary head and neck reconstructive cases.
2080S0122X	Oral Surgery (Dentistry)	Dental surgical specialists who manage TMJ pathology and reconstruction.

Note: From the provided modifier list, only the most clinically relevant modifiers above were selected for 21242. If payer-specific modifier usage differs, follow payer policy for final billing.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`M26.60`	Temporomandibular joint disorder, unspecified	General TMJ disorder that may progress to require arthroplasty.
`M26.61`	Temporomandibular joint derangement, unspecified	Internal derangement with mechanical dysfunction often leading to surgical reconstruction.
`M26.62`	Arthropathy, temporomandibular joint	Chronic arthropathy or degenerative joint disease of the TMJ indicating need for arthroplasty.
`M26.67`	Ankylosis of temporomandibular joint	Bony or fibrous ankylosis causing severe restriction of jaw motion, often treated with arthroplasty.
`M26.69`	Other temporomandibular joint disorders	Miscellaneous structural TMJ disorders that may require reconstructive surgery.
`S02.61xA`	Fracture of condylar process of mandible, initial encounter	Post-traumatic changes or nonunion after condylar fracture that may necessitate reconstructive arthroplasty.
`K07.6`	Temporomandibular joint disorders, not elsewhere classified	Additional classification for TMJ functional disorders progressing to surgical indication.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`21099`	Unlisted procedure, bones and joints of skull and face	Used when an unusual or nonstandard TMJ reconstruction technique is performed that does not match existing codes; supplemental operative notes required.
`21247`	Reconstruction, mandible or facial bone, with internal rigid fixation	May be performed if concomitant rigid fixation of the mandible or facial skeleton is required during TMJ reconstruction.
`21045`	Excision, condyle or coronoid process of mandible; open	May be performed when resection of mandibular condylar elements is required prior to reconstruction.
`20926`	Interpositional graft, fascia lata or other soft tissue graft (e.g., temporalis muscle flap)	Used when autologous soft tissue grafts are placed as interposition material in TMJ arthroplasty.
`20680`	Removal of deep implant; e.g., plates, rods	May be reported if prior hardware is removed from the joint or mandibular region during the same operative session.
`21099`	Unlisted procedure, bones and joints of skull and face	Duplicate entry to highlight alternative when no direct code matches the reconstructive approach.

CPT 21120: Chin Implant Augmentation (Genioplasty)

CPT-21121-GENIOPLASTY-CHIN-ADVANCEMENT

CPT 21121: Genioplasty (Chin Advancement)

CPT-21122-GENIOPLASTY-CHIN-OSTEOTOMY-ASYMMETRY-CORRECTION

CPT 21122: Genioplasty for Chin Asymmetry Correction

CPT-21123-SLIDING-GENIOPLASTY-CHIN-AUGMENTATION-AUTOLOGOUS-BONE-GRAFT

CPT 21123: Sliding Genioplasty with Autologous Chin Augmentation

CPT-21125-MANDIBULAR-AUGMENTATION-WITH-IMPLANT

CPT 21125: Mandibular Augmentation with Implant

CPT-21127-MANDIBULAR-AUGMENTATION-BONE-GRAFTING

CPT 21127: Mandibular Augmentation with Bone Graft

CPT-21137-FOREHEAD-REDUCTION-FOREHEAD-CONTOURING

CPT 21137: Forehead Reduction and Contouring

CPT-21138-FOREHEAD-CONTOURING-AND-FOREHEAD-REDUCTION

CPT 21138: Forehead Contouring and Forehead Reduction

CPT-21139-FOREHEAD-CONTOURING-FRONTAL-SINUS-WALL-INCISION

CPT 21139: Forehead Contouring with Frontal Sinus Wall Incision

CPT-21141-LEFORT-I-MAXILLARY-OSTEOTOMY-MIDFACE-RECONSTRUCTION

CPT 21141: LeFort I Maxillary Osteotomy, Midface Reconstruction

Showing 1–10 of 64

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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CPT 21242: TMJ Arthroplasty with Donor Graft

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Billing Code Overview

OpenPayer

CPT 21242: TMJ Arthroplasty with Donor Graft

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

CPT 21242: TMJ Arthroplasty with Donor Graft

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Billing Code Overview

CPT 21242: TMJ Arthroplasty with Donor Graft

Sign up for cpt 21242 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What does CPT 21242 represent and where is this procedure typically performed?

Which modifiers are commonly used with 21242 and how should modifier selection be handled?

Which related CPT codes might be reported with or instead of 21242?

What diagnoses commonly justify reporting CPT 21242?

What clinical documentation and perioperative workflows are described for cases billed with 21242?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What does CPT 21242 represent and where is this procedure typically performed?

Which modifiers are commonly used with 21242 and how should modifier selection be handled?

Which related CPT codes might be reported with or instead of 21242?

What diagnoses commonly justify reporting CPT 21242?

What clinical documentation and perioperative workflows are described for cases billed with 21242?

References