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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesBehavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factorsICD-10-CM f51-sleep-disorders-not-due-to-substance
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    ICD-10-CM Code For Sleep Disorders Not Due To A Substance Or Known Physiological Condition: Group Overview

    The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) code group F51 includes nonorganic sleep disorders such as primary insomnia, sleepwalking, and other parasomnias that are not due to substance use or a known physiological condition. These ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes are used to document clinical presentations of disordered sleep, capturing symptom patterns, frequency, and associated daytime impairment relevant to this group. Accurate coding within the ICD-10-CM F51 group supports complete clinical documentation and appropriate reimbursement.

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    ICD-10-CM F51: Sleep Disorders Not Due To A Substance Or Known Physiological Condition Overview

    The ICD-10-CM F51 group captures nonorganic sleep disorders that are not directly caused by substances or identifiable physiological conditions, such as primary insomnia and parasomnias. These diagnoses target sleep regulation and behavior during sleep, affecting mental health and daily functioning. Accurate coding supports appropriate medical recordkeeping and reimbursement by clearly documenting the clinical rationale for sleep-related services.

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    When to Use

    Use a code from this group when a clinician documents a sleep disorder that is explicitly identified as nonorganic and not caused by medications, substances, or identifiable physiological conditions. Codes from this group are appropriate when the clinical record describes primary sleep disturbances such as chronic insomnia, sleepwalking, or other parasomnias without an underlying medical etiology.

    ICD-10-CM Codes

    15 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    F51.01Primary insomnia
    F51.02Adjustment insomnia
    F51.03Paradoxical insomnia
    F51.04Psychophysiologic insomnia
    F51.05Insomnia due to other mental disorder
    F51.09Other insomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition
    F51.11Primary hypersomnia
    F51.12Insufficient sleep syndrome
    F51.13Hypersomnia due to other mental disorder
    F51.19Other hypersomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition
    F51.3Sleepwalking [somnambulism]
    F51.4Sleep terrors [night terrors]
    F51.5Nightmare disorder
    F51.8Other sleep disorders not due to a substance or known physiological condition
    F51.9Sleep disorder not due to a substance or known physiological condition, unspecified

    DRG Codes

    1 rows

    DRG CodeDescription
    887Other Mental Disorder Diagnoses

    Typical Clinical Scenarios

    • A middle-aged patient reports months of difficulty initiating sleep and frequent early awakenings associated with daytime fatigue and impaired concentration despite adequate opportunity to sleep. They present to primary care after self-management fails and sleep hygiene counseling is requested; evaluation rules out substance use and primary medical causes, so a behavioral sleep disorder diagnosis is assigned. Typical codes: F51.01, F51.09
    • A teenager is brought to urgent care after multiple nights of bedwetting that began after a stressful family event; there is no evidence of a urinary tract infection or neurologic disorder. Because the enuresis appears related to sleep and psychological stress rather than a physiological cause, a parasomnia-related sleep disorder code from this group is used. Typical codes: F51.3, F51.5
    • An adult with chronic major depressive disorder reports severe nocturnal nightmares causing awakenings and persistent sleep disruption, contributing to worsening daytime mood and functioning; medical evaluation excludes substance effects and neurologic disease. The clinician documents a sleep disorder characterized by excessive nightmares and assigns an appropriate parasomnia/nightmare-related code from this group as a comorbid behavioral sleep diagnosis. Typical codes: F51.4, F51.9

    Related Codes

    F50-EATING-DISORDERS

    ICD-10-CM Code For Eating Disorders: Group Overview

    F52-SEXUAL-DYSFUNCTION-NOT-DUE

    ICD-10-CM Code For Sexual Dysfunction Not Due To A Substance Or Known Physiological Condition: Group Overview

    F53-MENTAL-AND-BEHAVIORAL-DISORDERS-ASSOCIATED-WITH-THE-PUERPERIUM

    ICD-10-CM Code For Mental And Behavioral Disorders Associated With The Puerperium Not Elsewhere Classified: Group Overview

    F54-PSYCHOLOGICAL-AND-BEHAVIORAL-FACTORS

    ICD-10-CM Code For Psychological And Behavioral Factors Associated With Disorders Or Diseases Classified Elsewhere: Group Overview

    F55-ABUSE-OF-NON-PSYCHOACTIVE-SUBSTANCES

    ICD-10-CM Code For Abuse Of Non-Psychoactive Substances: Group Overview

    F59-UNSPECIFIED-BEHAVIORAL-SYNDROMES

    ICD-10-CM Code For Unspecified Behavioral Syndromes Associated With Physiological Disturbances And Physical Factors: Group Overview

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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