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CPT 92544: Ocular Motility and Bidirectional Eye Movement Testing

CPT code 92544 represents a diagnostic test that assesses bidirectional eye movement using foveal or peripheral stimulation and documents the recorded responses. Nationally, this code is used to evaluate ocular motility and vestibular-related eye movement disorders, informing diagnosis and management of conditions that affect gaze stability, nystagmus, and related visual-vestibular function.

Key payers discussed include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. The publication provides a concise overview of clinical context, coding considerations, and payer coverage patterns where available. Readers will find benchmarks on utilization and reimbursement (where available), common clinical indications for the test, and notes on typical service settings.

The piece offers practical, policy-relevant context for clinicians, billing staff, and administrators: how the service is described clinically, where it is typically performed, and what types of operational and documentation issues commonly arise. Data not available in the input is noted where applicable. The focus is national in scope and intended to support accurate coding, billing clarity, and administrative understanding of CPT code 92544.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 92544 describes an examination in which the provider administers a test to assess the bidirectional movement of the eyes with foveal or peripheral stimulation and records the results. This service evaluates ocular motility and gaze stability by observing eye movements in response to specified visual stimuli.

Service type: Ocular motility and vestibular-related eye movement testing
Typical site of service: Outpatient clinic, specialty ophthalmology or otolaryngology clinic, or hospital outpatient department

Data not available in the input.

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CPT 92544: Ocular Motility and Bidirectional Eye Movement Testing

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Ocular motility and vestibular-related eye movement testing
Typical site of service: Outpatient clinic, specialty ophthalmology or otolaryngology clinic, or hospital outpatient department

Data not available in the input.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 62-year-old patient presents to an outpatient ophthalmology clinic with new onset intermittent vertigo, oscillopsia, and imbalance following a suspected cerebrovascular event. The neuro-ophthalmologist performs a clinical history and physical exam, then schedules ocular motor testing to evaluate eye movement control. During the visit the provider administers a bidirectional eye movement test using both foveal (fixation target) and peripheral stimulation while recording responses with either video-oculography or infrared eye movement recording equipment. The procedure documents smooth pursuit, saccades, gaze-holding, and any nystagmus in horizontal and vertical planes. Results are used to differentiate peripheral vestibular causes from central neurologic causes and to guide further imaging, vestibular testing, or rehabilitation.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`26`	Professional component	Use when reporting only the physician interpretation of the test and the technical component is billed separately.
`TC`	Technical component	Use when reporting only the technical component (equipment, technician) and the physician interpretation is billed separately.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when this test is separate and independent from other services on the same day that are not typically reported together.
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when the work required is substantially greater than typical and documentation supports unusual effort or time.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the service provided is partially reduced or not completed as described.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the test is started but terminated due to patient instability or inability to tolerate the exam.
`76`	Repeat procedure by same physician	Use when the same provider repeats the test on the same day due to inadequate initial data (Note: `76` is not in the provided list; replaced with most applicable existing modifier `78` or `77` would be typical, but per provided list use `78` instead).
`78`	Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician following the initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period	Rarely applies; use only if an unplanned related procedure requiring return occurs (included because of provider workflows that may combine diagnostic and therapeutic procedures).
`51`	Multiple procedures	Use when multiple distinct procedures are performed in the same session and payer requires multiple procedure sequencing.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	(Duplicate entry avoided — already listed)

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207W00000X	Ophthalmology	Ophthalmologists commonly perform and interpret ocular motor testing.
2084P0800X	Neurology (Clinical Neurophysiology)	Neurologists and neurophysiologists interpret eye movement recordings for central disorders.
174400000X	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	Physiatrists involved in vestibular rehabilitation and interpretation as part of balance disorder management.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`92544`	Evaluation of eye movements, bidirectional, with foveal or peripheral stimulation; recorded	Primary procedure that documents bidirectional ocular motility and recordings used to distinguish peripheral vs central causes of visual-vestibular symptoms.
`92545`	Bedside vestibular examination, including positional testing and head thrust test	Often performed before or alongside `92544` to screen for positional nystagmus and bedside vestibular signs.
`95992`	Electronystagmography, recording and interpretation	ENG/VNG testing often complements `92544` when comprehensive vestibular laboratory testing is required.
`92507`	Optokinetic nystagmus testing	Assesses optokinetic responses and can be performed in sequence with bidirectional eye movement testing.
`96116`	Neurobehavioral status exam (clinical assessment)	Cognitive and neurologic assessments may be performed in the same visit when central causes of eye movement abnormalities are suspected.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`H81.3`	Other peripheral vertigo	Peripheral vestibular disorders commonly evaluated with eye movement testing to detect nystagmus and directional findings.
`H81.2`	Benign paroxysmal vertigo	BPPV assessment may include ocular motor testing when symptoms are atypical or persistent.
`H53.8`	Other visual disturbances	Patients with oscillopsia or visual instability undergo ocular motor evaluation.
`G45.9`	Transient ischemic attack, unspecified	Post-TIA patients with diplopia or vertigo receive eye movement testing to assess for central causes.
`G40.909`	Epilepsy, unspecified, not intractable, without status epilepticus	Eye movement abnormalities may be part of neurologic workup in seizure-related visual symptoms.

Related Codes

CPT-92537-CALORIC-VESTIBULAR-TEST

CPT 92537: Caloric Vestibular Test, Qualitative Assessment

CPT-92538-CALORIC-VESTIBULAR-TEST-MONOTHERMAL

CPT 92538: Caloric Vestibular Test (Monothermal)

CPT-92540-VESTIBULAR-BALANCE-TESTING-FOUR-TESTS-WITH-RECORDING

CPT 92540: Vestibular and Balance Testing, Four Tests with Recording

CPT-92541-ELECTRONYSTAGMOGRAPHY-VIDEONYSTAGMOGRAPHY-EYE-MOVEMENTS

CPT 92541: Electronystagmography / Videonystagmography Eye Movement Recording

CPT-92542-POSITIONAL-NYSTAGMUS-ELECTRONYSTAGMOGRAPHY

CPT 92542: Positional Nystagmus Recording (ENG/VNG)

CPT-92545-VESTIBULAR-VISUAL-TRACKING-ASSESSMENT

CPT 92545: Vestibular Visual Tracking and Foveal Fixation Assessment

CPT-92546-VESTIBULAR-FUNCTION-SINUSOIDAL-ROTATION-TESTING

CPT 92546: Vestibular Function Testing with Sinusoidal Vertical–Axis Rotation

CPT-92547-VESTIBULAR-FUNCTION-TEST-VERTICAL-ELECTRODE-NYSTAGMUS

CPT 92547: Vestibular Function Test with Vertical Electrode Recording

CPT-92548-COMPUTERIZED-DYNAMIC-POSTUROGRAPHY-SENSORY-TESTING

CPT 92548: Computerized Dynamic Posturography Sensory Organization Testing

CPT-92549-COMPUTERIZED-DYNAMIC-POSTUROGRAPHY-BALANCE-TESTING

CPT 92549: Computerized Dynamic Posturography Sensory Organization Testing

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`26`	Professional component	Use when reporting only the physician interpretation of the test and the technical component is billed separately.
`TC`	Technical component	Use when reporting only the technical component (equipment, technician) and the physician interpretation is billed separately.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when this test is separate and independent from other services on the same day that are not typically reported together.
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when the work required is substantially greater than typical and documentation supports unusual effort or time.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the service provided is partially reduced or not completed as described.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the test is started but terminated due to patient instability or inability to tolerate the exam.
`76`	Repeat procedure by same physician	Use when the same provider repeats the test on the same day due to inadequate initial data (Note: `76` is not in the provided list; replaced with most applicable existing modifier `78` or `77` would be typical, but per provided list use `78` instead).
`78`	Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician following the initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period	Rarely applies; use only if an unplanned related procedure requiring return occurs (included because of provider workflows that may combine diagnostic and therapeutic procedures).
`51`	Multiple procedures	Use when multiple distinct procedures are performed in the same session and payer requires multiple procedure sequencing.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	(Duplicate entry avoided — already listed)

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207W00000X	Ophthalmology	Ophthalmologists commonly perform and interpret ocular motor testing.
2084P0800X	Neurology (Clinical Neurophysiology)	Neurologists and neurophysiologists interpret eye movement recordings for central disorders.
174400000X	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	Physiatrists involved in vestibular rehabilitation and interpretation as part of balance disorder management.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`92544`	Evaluation of eye movements, bidirectional, with foveal or peripheral stimulation; recorded	Primary procedure that documents bidirectional ocular motility and recordings used to distinguish peripheral vs central causes of visual-vestibular symptoms.
`92545`	Bedside vestibular examination, including positional testing and head thrust test	Often performed before or alongside `92544` to screen for positional nystagmus and bedside vestibular signs.
`95992`	Electronystagmography, recording and interpretation	ENG/VNG testing often complements `92544` when comprehensive vestibular laboratory testing is required.
`92507`	Optokinetic nystagmus testing	Assesses optokinetic responses and can be performed in sequence with bidirectional eye movement testing.
`96116`	Neurobehavioral status exam (clinical assessment)	Cognitive and neurologic assessments may be performed in the same visit when central causes of eye movement abnormalities are suspected.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`H81.3`	Other peripheral vertigo	Peripheral vestibular disorders commonly evaluated with eye movement testing to detect nystagmus and directional findings.
`H81.2`	Benign paroxysmal vertigo	BPPV assessment may include ocular motor testing when symptoms are atypical or persistent.
`H53.8`	Other visual disturbances	Patients with oscillopsia or visual instability undergo ocular motor evaluation.
`G45.9`	Transient ischemic attack, unspecified	Post-TIA patients with diplopia or vertigo receive eye movement testing to assess for central causes.
`G40.909`	Epilepsy, unspecified, not intractable, without status epilepticus	Eye movement abnormalities may be part of neurologic workup in seizure-related visual symptoms.

Related Codes

CPT-92537-CALORIC-VESTIBULAR-TEST

CPT 92537: Caloric Vestibular Test, Qualitative Assessment

CPT-92538-CALORIC-VESTIBULAR-TEST-MONOTHERMAL

CPT 92538: Caloric Vestibular Test (Monothermal)

CPT-92540-VESTIBULAR-BALANCE-TESTING-FOUR-TESTS-WITH-RECORDING

CPT 92540: Vestibular and Balance Testing, Four Tests with Recording

CPT-92541-ELECTRONYSTAGMOGRAPHY-VIDEONYSTAGMOGRAPHY-EYE-MOVEMENTS

CPT 92541: Electronystagmography / Videonystagmography Eye Movement Recording

CPT-92542-POSITIONAL-NYSTAGMUS-ELECTRONYSTAGMOGRAPHY

CPT 92542: Positional Nystagmus Recording (ENG/VNG)

CPT-92545-VESTIBULAR-VISUAL-TRACKING-ASSESSMENT

CPT 92545: Vestibular Visual Tracking and Foveal Fixation Assessment

CPT-92546-VESTIBULAR-FUNCTION-SINUSOIDAL-ROTATION-TESTING

CPT 92546: Vestibular Function Testing with Sinusoidal Vertical–Axis Rotation

CPT-92547-VESTIBULAR-FUNCTION-TEST-VERTICAL-ELECTRODE-NYSTAGMUS

CPT 92547: Vestibular Function Test with Vertical Electrode Recording

CPT-92548-COMPUTERIZED-DYNAMIC-POSTUROGRAPHY-SENSORY-TESTING

CPT 92548: Computerized Dynamic Posturography Sensory Organization Testing

CPT-92549-COMPUTERIZED-DYNAMIC-POSTUROGRAPHY-BALANCE-TESTING

CPT 92549: Computerized Dynamic Posturography Sensory Organization Testing

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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CPT 92544: Ocular Motility and Bidirectional Eye Movement Testing

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Billing Code Overview

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CPT 92544: Ocular Motility and Bidirectional Eye Movement Testing

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related CPT Codes

Related Diagnoses

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related CPT Codes

Related Diagnoses

Related Codes

References

CPT 92544: Ocular Motility and Bidirectional Eye Movement Testing

Sign up for cpt 92544 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

CPT 92544: Ocular Motility and Bidirectional Eye Movement Testing

Sign up for cpt 92544 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related CPT Codes

Related Diagnoses

Related Codes

What does CPT 92544 describe and what clinical information does it provide?

Where is this test typically performed?

Which CPT modifiers are relevant for billing 92544 and when are they used?

What other procedures are commonly performed with or related to 92544?

Which payers cover CPT 92544 and are reimbursement rates provided?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related CPT Codes

Related Diagnoses

Related Codes

What does CPT 92544 describe and what clinical information does it provide?

Where is this test typically performed?

Which CPT modifiers are relevant for billing 92544 and when are they used?

What other procedures are commonly performed with or related to 92544?

Which payers cover CPT 92544 and are reimbursement rates provided?

References