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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesOther Specialized Ophthalmological Services and ProceduresCPT cpt-92284-retinal-photoreceptor-function-testing-dark-adaptation
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    CPT 92284: Dark Adaptation Test of Retinal Photoreceptor Function

    Medicare pays $23 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 92284 describes a diagnostic dark adaptation test that evaluates how the eyes adjust between light and darkness by measuring retinal photoreceptor function (for example, rod and cone sensitivities or the rod–cone breakpoint); the service type is diagnostic electrophysiology/visual function testing typically performed in an ophthalmology or retinal specialty clinic with interpretation and a written report by the provider.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Corneal Remodeling for Refractive Errors and Corneal Grafting and Transplantation, Glaucoma Agents iDose TR (travoprost intracameral implant), Topical Treatments for Dry Eye Disease.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult referred to an ophthalmology or neuro-ophthalmology clinic for evaluation of night vision complaints, suspected inherited retinal disease, or unexplained visual field changes. The patient reports difficulty seeing in low-light conditions or progressive peripheral vision loss. Clinical workflow: the patient undergoes a focused history and ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, pupillary assessment, slit-lamp and dilated fundus exam. If rod-cone dysfunction or retinitis pigmentosa is suspected, the provider orders 92284 (dark-adapted threshold testing/electroretinographic dark adaptation assessment). The test is performed in a controlled dark room with standardized stimulus and adaptation protocol; results quantify rod and cone sensitivities and may identify the rod–cone breakpoint. The provider interprets findings, documents comparison to prior tests if available, and generates a formal report in the medical record. Typical sites of service include outpatient ophthalmology clinics, ambulatory surgical centers with diagnostic capability, or specialized vision testing laboratories. Common clinical indications include suspected rod dysfunction, progressive nyctalopia, monitoring inherited retinal dystrophies, medication toxicity surveillance affecting photoreceptors, and pre-treatment baseline evaluation for retinal therapies.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    92083Extended diagnostic ophthalmological examination, with initiation of diagnostic and treatment program; established patient, typically 45 minutesMay precede 92284 when a comprehensive, extended evaluation is required to correlate symptoms with dark-adaptation findings.
    92250Fundus photography with interpretation and reportOften performed alongside retinal functional testing to document structural changes corresponding to functional deficits seen on 92284.
    92235Fluorescein angiography (diagnostic)Performed when vascular or retinal pigment epithelium changes need evaluation in patients with abnormal dark-adaptation results.
    96110Developmental screening (e.g., vision-related functional testing)Occasionally used in multidisciplinary pediatric assessments when specialized visual function testing is needed; may be part of broader functional evaluation.
    92136Scanning computerized ophthalmic diagnostic imaging, posterior segment, with interpretation and report, unilateral or bilateralOptical coherence tomography is commonly performed before or after 92284 to assess macular and retinal layer integrity relevant to rod/cone function.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    25CPT modifier 25 indicates that on the same day as another procedure or service, the same physician or other qualified health care professional provided a significant, separately identifiable…- When to apply: Use modifier 25 only on an E/M code to indicate the same provider delivered a significant, separately identifiable E/M service on the same day as another procedure or service — i.e.,…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207W00000X
    174400000X
    1041S0200X
    174200000X
    246QC1000X
    317400000X
    261Q00000X
    152WV0400X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Ophthalmology/Optometry1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Corneal Remodeling for Refractive Errors and Corneal Grafting and TransplantationHealth-New-England2027-02-01
    Glaucoma Agents iDose TR (travoprost intracameral implant)Mass General Brigham Health Plan2027-01-04
    Topical Treatments for Dry Eye Diseaseblue cross blue shield - louisiana2027-01-01
    Corneal Collagen Cross-LinkingMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-11-01
    Intraocular Lens ImplantCigna2026-11-01
    VizzCigna2026-11-01
    Travoprost Intracameral ImplantBluecross Idaho2026-11-01
    Ophthalmology - Pilocarpine 1.25%Cigna2026-10-15
    Intravitreal and PunctumBlue Cross Blue Shield - Rhode Island2026-10-01
    Cataract Removal Surgery for AdultsAnthem2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-92265-EXTRAOCULAR-MUSCLE-ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

    CPT 92265: Electromyography of Extraocular Muscles

    CPT-92270-ELECTRO-OCULOGRAPHY-INTERPRETATION-REPORT

    CPT 92270: Electro-oculography with Interpretation and Report

    CPT-92273-ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC-TEST-RETINAL-FUNCTION-ERG

    CPT 92273: Electrophysiologic Test of Retinal Function

    CPT-92274-MULTIFOCAL-ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY-MFERG-RETINAL-FUNCTION

    CPT 92274: Multifocal Electroretinography (mfERG) for Retinal Function

    CPT-92283-ANOMALOSCOPE-COLOR-VISION-TESTING-RED-GREEN

    CPT 92283: Color Vision Testing with Anomaloscope

    CPT-92285-OCULAR-PHOTOGRAPHY-DOCUMENTATION

    CPT 92285: Photography of Abnormalities for Documentation

    CPT-92286-ANTERIOR-SEGMENT-OCULAR-VASCULAR-EXAMINATION-INTERPRETATION

    CPT 92286: Fluorescein Angiography, Anterior Segment

    CPT-92287-IRIS-VASCULAR-IMAGING-NEOVASCULARIZATION-EVALUATION

    CPT 92287: Iris Vasculature Angiography

    CPT-92288-ROD-FUNCTION-DARK-ADAPTATION-SCREENING

    CPT 92288: Dark Adaptation Screening for Rod Function

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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