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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesTransfusion Medicine ProceduresCPT cpt-86977-immunohematology-serum-inhibitor-incubation
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    CPT 86977: Serum Inhibition for Antibody Identification

    CPT code 86977 describes a laboratory procedure in which a lab analyst incubates patient serum with an inhibitor to prepare the sample for identification of antibodies to red blood cells; this is a specialized immunohematology service typically performed in a hospital or reference laboratory clinical laboratory setting for serologic testing and antibody identification.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Epithelial Cell Cytology in Breast Cancer Risk Assessment, Chemotherapy Observation or Inpatient Hospitalization (for New Mexico Only), Umbilical Cord Blood Harvesting and Storage for Future Use (for Indiana Only).

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A patient presenting for immunohematology testing is typically an inpatient or outpatient whose blood sample requires antibody identification following a positive antibody screen or suspected hemolytic transfusion reaction. For example, a hospitalized patient with anemia and a positive indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) after recent transfusion undergoes serologic workup. The clinical workflow: a phlebotomy specimen is sent to the transfusion medicine or immunohematology laboratory; a technologist performs initial antibody screen and, if indicated, incubates patient serum with an inhibitor reagent to neutralize common autoantibodies or plasma proteins, as described by 86977, to allow identification of underlying alloantibodies. Results are documented in the laboratory information system and communicated to the transfusion service and ordering clinician for transfusion planning or further testing. Typical sites of service include hospital clinical laboratories, blood banks, and reference immunohematology labs.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    86900Antibody identification, serum; multiple methodsPerformed as part of the antibody identification panel; 86977 may be used when an inhibitor incubation step is required during this identification.
    86976Antibody identification, serum; incubations with selected antisera or enhancement mediaUsed in the serologic workup; complements or precedes the inhibitor incubation described in 86977.
    86989Unlisted immunohematology procedureUsed when specific complex or nonstandard immunohematology procedures are performed that are not described by existing codes, potentially following 86977 when additional unique testing is required.
    87040Culture, bacterial; bloodNot directly the same but often performed in the same inpatient workflow when investigating febrile transfusion reactions; may be ordered alongside immunohematology testing.
    86580Neutralization tests for allergens; per extractNot directly related but conceptually similar lab neutralization technique; typically not billed with 86977 but illustrates methodology parallels.

    Related Modifiers

    7 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    90Modifier ‑90 (Reference/Outside Laboratory) indicates that a laboratory test was performed by an entity other than the treating or reporting provider. The American Medical Association defines…- Use CPT modifier -90 when a laboratory test is performed by an outside/reference laboratory (an entity other than the treating or reporting physician or qualified professional) and the claim needs…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    163WM0705XMedical-Surgical Registered NurseNursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse
    261QM1101XMilitary and U.S. Coast Guard Ambulatory Procedure Clinic/CenterThat part of a "fixed" (non-temporary, non-deployed) DoD or Coast Guard entity furnishing surgical procedures requiring medically supervised recovery.…
    364SG0600XGerontology Clinical Nurse SpecialistPhysician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Clinical Nurse Specialist
    311500000XAlzheimer Center (Dementia Center)A freestanding facility or special care unit of a long term care facility focusing on patient care of individuals diagnosed with dementia or Alzheimer…
    211D00000XPodiatric AssistantAn individual who assists a podiatrist in tasks, such as exposing and developing x-rays; taking and recording patient histories; assisting in biomecha…
    133VN1401XPediatric Critical Care Nutrition Registered DietitianAn individual who is a Board Certified Specialist in Pediatric Critical Care Nutrition and applies evidence-based nutrition knowledge in providing med…
    246QL0901XDiplomate Laboratory Management Specialist/TechnologistTechnologists, Technicians & Other Technical Service Providers · Specialist/Technologist, Pathology
    332BX2000XOxygen Equipment & Supplies (DME)Suppliers · Durable Medical Equipment & Medical Supplies

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Hematology/Oncology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Epithelial Cell Cytology in Breast Cancer Risk AssessmentOscar Health2026-10-01
    Chemotherapy Observation or Inpatient Hospitalization (for New Mexico Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Umbilical Cord Blood Harvesting and Storage for Future Use (for Indiana Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Antibody-Drug ConjugatesPremera Bluecross2026-08-01
    Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell TherapyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell TherapyAmbetter Georgia2026-08-01
    Umbilical Cord Blood Harvesting and Storage for Future Use (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Umbilical Cord Blood Harvesting and Storage for Future Use (for New Jersey Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Umbilical Cord Blood Harvesting and Storage for Future Use (for Ohio Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Reblozyl (luspatercept-aamt) Medical Benefit Drug PolicyUnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-86850-RBC-ANTIBODY-SCREENING

    CPT 86850: Screening Test for Non‑A/B Red Blood Cell Antibodies

    CPT-86860-RBC-ELUTION-IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY-BLOOD-BANK

    CPT 86860: RBC Elution for Antibody Detection

    CPT-86870-RBC-ANTIBODY-IDENTIFICATION-IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY

    CPT 86870: Antibody Identification to Red Blood Cells

    CPT-86880-DIRECT-ANTIGLOBULIN-TEST-DAT-COOMBS

    CPT 86880: Direct Antihuman Globulin (Coombs) Test

    CPT-86885-INDIRECT-ANTIGLOBULIN-COOMBS-TEST

    CPT 86885: Indirect Antiglobulin (Coombs) Test for Serum Antibodies

    CPT-86886-INDIRECT-ANTIGLOBULIN-COOMBS-TEST-SERIAL-DILUTIONS

    CPT 86886: Indirect Antihuman Globulin (Coombs) Test

    CPT-86890-AUTOLOGOUS-BLOOD-COLLECTION-PROCESSING-STORAGE

    CPT 86890: Autologous Blood Collection, Processing, and Storage

    CPT-86891-INTRAOPERATIVE-BLOOD-SALVAGE-AUTOTRANSFUSION

    CPT 86891: Intraoperative Blood Salvage (Cell Salvage)

    CPT-86900-ABO-BLOOD-TYPING-SERUM-PLASMA

    CPT 86900: ABO Blood Typing Using Serum or Plasma

    CPT-86901-RH-BLOOD-GROUP-TYPING-SEROLOGIC-PLASMA-SERUM

    CPT 86901: Rh Blood Group Serologic Typing, Serum/Plasma

    Showing 1–10 of 38

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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