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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures on the Cardiovascular SystemCPT cpt-78469-spect-myocardial-infarction-assessment
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    CPT 78469: SPECT Myocardial Infarction Viability Assessment

    Medicare pays $142 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 78469 describes a SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) nuclear medicine study performed to evaluate myocardial damage or viability after a recent myocardial infarction; the service is an advanced cardiac imaging diagnostic test typically provided in an outpatient imaging center, hospital radiology/nuclear medicine department, or cardiac catheterization lab setting to assess extent of irreversible myocardial injury following ischemic events.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA), Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment, Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart Failure.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 58-year-old who presented to the emergency department with chest pain and elevated cardiac biomarkers; coronary angiography confirmed an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) 3–7 days prior. After hemodynamic stabilization and revascularization (if performed), a nuclear medicine study is ordered to quantify infarct size and assess regional perfusion and viability. The patient arrives at the outpatient or hospital-based imaging suite for a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging study focused on post-infarct evaluation. The clinical workflow includes verification of patient identity, review of recent ECG and troponin trends, screening for contraindications to radiopharmaceuticals, intravenous access placement, radiotracer administration, appropriate uptake period, SPECT image acquisition, and post-processing with gated functional assessment. Results report on perfusion defects consistent with recent infarction, left ventricular ejection fraction, and regional wall motion to guide prognosis and further management.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    78452Myocardial SPECT study, tomographic (eg, SPECT), with quantification when performed; perfusion, rest and/or stressMay be used for general myocardial perfusion imaging protocols that include rest and stress perfusion; complementary to post-MI imaging when stress imaging is appropriate.
    78460Myocardial perfusion study, planar, single study, resting or stressAlternative nuclear myocardial perfusion technique; sometimes performed when tomographic SPECT is not available.
    93000Electrocardiogram, routine ECG with at least 12 leads; with interpretation and reportPerformed before or during the imaging encounter to correlate rhythm, ischemia, or infarct changes.
    93306Echocardiography, transthoracic, real-time with image documentation (2D), includes M-mode recording, complete, with spectral Doppler and color flow Doppler when performedProvides complementary assessment of left ventricular function and wall motion in post-MI patients.
    92941Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; single major coronary artery, with or without stentIn the clinical workflow this may precede the SPECT study when performed for revascularization of the infarct-related artery.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207RH0000XHematology (Internal Medicine) PhysicianAn internist with additional training who specializes in diseases of the blood, spleen and lymph. This specialist treats conditions such as anemia, cl…
    2080P0206XPediatric Gastroenterology PhysicianA pediatrician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive systems of infants, children and adolescents. This speciali…
    207K00000XAllergy & Immunology PhysicianAn allergist-immunologist is trained in evaluation, physical and laboratory diagnosis, and management of disorders involving the immune system. Select…
    2080P0006XDevelopmental - Behavioral Pediatrics PhysicianA developmental-behavioral specialist is a pediatrician with special training and experience who aims to foster understanding and promotion of optimal…
    246ZG1000XMedical Geneticist (PhD) Specialist/TechnologistTechnologists, Technicians & Other Technical Service Providers · Specialist/Technologist, Other
    156FX1100XOphthalmic Technician/TechnologistAn ophthalmic technician/technologist assists ophthalmologists by performing ophthalmic clinical functions, including administering eye exams, adminis…
    163WX1500XOstomy Care Registered NurseNursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse
    261QM2500XMedical Specialty Clinic/CenterAn entity, facility, or distinct part of a facility providing diagnostic, treatment, and prescriptive services related to a specific area of medical s…

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Cardiology1 / 2

    6 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk AssessmentOscar Health2026-10-01
    Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart FailureOscar Health2026-10-01
    Multiple Procedure Payment Reduction for Diagnostic Cardiovascular ProceduresBlue Cross Blue Shield - Maine2026-10-01
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessmentblue cross blue shield - louisiana2026-09-15
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk AssessmentBlue Cross Blue Shield - New Mexico2026-09-04

    Related Codes

    CPT-78414-CARDIAC-PERFUSION-BLOOD-FLOW-ASSESSMENT

    CPT 78414: Cardiac Perfusion and Ejection Fraction Assessment

    CPT-78428-LEFT-TO-RIGHT-CARDIAC-SHUNT-DETECTION

    CPT 78428: Detection of Left-to-Right Cardiac Shunt

    CPT-78429-PET-MYOCARDIAL-IMAGING-PET-CT-MYOCARDIUM-FUNCTION

    CPT 78429: PET Myocardial Imaging, Single Study

    CPT-78430-PET-MYOCARDIAL-PERFUSION-IMAGING-REST-OR-STRESS

    CPT 78430: PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with CT

    CPT-78431-PET-MYOCARDIAL-PERFUSION-IMAGING-REST-AND-STRESS

    CPT 78431: PET Myocardial Perfusion with CT Transmission, Rest and Stress

    CPT-78432-PET-MYOCARDIAL-PERFUSION-METABOLIC-VIABILITY

    CPT 78432: PET Myocardial Perfusion and Viability Imaging

    CPT-78433-PET-MYOCARDIAL-PERFUSION-METABOLIC-IMAGING-CT

    CPT 78433: PET Myocardial Imaging for Perfusion and Metabolism

    CPT-78434-PET-MYOCARDIAL-PERFUSION-REST-AND-STRESS

    CPT 78434: PET Myocardial Blood Flow Study, Rest and Stress

    CPT-78445-ANGIOGRAPHY-VENOGRAPHY-DIAGNOSTIC-VASCULAR-IMAGING

    CPT 78445: Angiography/Venography Blood Flow Imaging

    CPT-78451-SINGLE-SPECT-MYOCARDIAL-PERFUSION-STUDY

    CPT 78451: Myocardial Perfusion SPECT, Single Study

    Showing 1–10 of 28

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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