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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesClinical Brachytherapy Radiation TreatmentCPT cpt-77778-interstitial-brachytherapy-more-than-10-sources
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    CPT 77778: Interstitial Brachytherapy, >10 Radioactive Sources

    Medicare pays $646 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 77778 describes interstitial brachytherapy with placement of more than 10 radioactive sources directly into a tumor via catheters or needles; the service includes supervision, handling, and loading of the radiation sources and is typically performed as an image-guided, invasive radiation oncology procedure in an operating room, procedure suite, or interventional radiology setting.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult with a localized malignancy (for example, prostate, gynecologic, head and neck, or soft tissue tumor) who is referred for interstitial brachytherapy when direct implantation of radioactive sources into the tumor is indicated. The patient often has imaging (CT/MRI/ultrasound) confirming a target lesion that is accessible percutaneously or intraoperatively. Pre-procedure workflow includes consent, multidisciplinary review (radiation oncology, interventional radiology, or surgical oncology), anesthesia assessment, and planning with imaging and dosimetry. On the day of service the patient receives regional or general anesthesia; the provider places multiple catheters or needles into the tumor under image guidance, loads more than ten radioactive sources, and the radiation oncology team supervises source handling, loading, and verification. Post-procedure care includes recovery monitoring, imaging to document implant position, pain management, and outpatient follow-up for radiation effects and oncologic response.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    77295Special radiotherapy port film for high dose-rate brachytherapyPre- or post-implant imaging verification used to document source placement and treatment geometry
    77316Brachytherapy physics consultation; including planning and dosimetry, when performedDosimetric planning and calculations required for safe and effective placement of radioactive sources
    77290Therapeutic radiology simulation-aided field setting/planningSimulation and treatment planning imaging that may precede implant placement
    76937Ultrasound guidance for biopsy, aspiration and/or injection; percutaneous, first lesionUltrasound guidance used during percutaneous catheter or needle placement for brachytherapy
    36415Collection of venous blood by venipunctureRoutine pre-procedure laboratory sampling performed prior to anesthesia or implantation

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208000000X
    363L00000X
    207K00000X
    2080P0202X
    2255R0406X
    207RH0003X
    364SR0400X
    152WS0006X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-77750-INTRATUMORAL-RADIOELEMENT-INFUSION-HOSPITAL-ADMISSION-FOLLOW-UP

    CPT 77750: Radioelement Instillation to Destroy Tumor Cells

    CPT-77761-INTRACAVITARY-BRACHYTHERAPY-IMPLANT

    CPT 77761: Intracavitary Brachytherapy, 1–4 Sources

    CPT-77762-BRACHYTHERAPY-INTRACAVITARY-INTERSTITIAL-IMPLANT

    CPT 77762: Intracavitary Brachytherapy with 5–10 Sources

    CPT-77763-INTRACAVITARY-BRACHYTHERAPY-MULTI-SOURCE-IMPLANTATION

    CPT 77763: Intracavitary Brachytherapy, >10 Radioactive Sources

    CPT-77767-SURFACE-BRACHYTHERAPY-SKIN-TUMOR-SMALL-LESION

    CPT 77767: High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Skin Tumor ≤2.0 cm

    CPT-77768-SURFACE-BRACHYTHERAPY-SKIN-TUMOR-LARGE-OR-MULTIPLE-LESIONS

    CPT 77768: Surface Brachytherapy for Skin Tumor >2.0 cm

    CPT-77770-SINGLE-CHANNEL-BRACHYTHERAPY-CATHETER-PLACEMENT

    CPT 77770: Single-Channel Interstitial or Intracavitary Brachytherapy

    CPT-77771-BRACHYTHERAPY-INTERSTITIAL-INTRACAVITARY-MULTI-CHANNEL

    CPT 77771: Interstitial or Intracavitary Brachytherapy, 2–12 Channels

    CPT-77772-HIGH-DOSE-RATE-MULTI-CHANNEL-BRACHYTHERAPY

    CPT 77772: Interstitial or Intracavitary Brachytherapy, >12 Channels

    CPT-77789-LOW-DOSE-RATE-SURFACE-BRACHYTHERAPY

    CPT 77789: Low–Dose–Rate Surface Brachytherapy

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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