Loading...

    Explore
    • Policy Monitoring
    • Live Policy Feed
    • Billing Codes
    • NPI Medicare & Medicaid
    • Healthcare Providers
    • Health Insurance Payers
    • States
    • Service Lines
    • Taxonomy Codes
    Lookup tools
    • Billing Code Lookup
    • CPT Modifier Lookup
    • Provider Taxonomy Code Lookup
    • Healthcare Provider & Facility Lookup
    • Health Insurance Payer Lookup
    • Payer Contact Directory

    Policy & Benchmark Tools

    • Prior Authorization Lookup
    • Coverage Criteria Lookup
    • Timely Filing Lookup
    • Billing Code Reimbursement Rates
    • Payer Comparison Dashboard
    • Facility Comparison Dashboard
    • All tools

    Company

    • About OpenPayer
    • Data Sources
    • Trek Health
    OpenPayerby Trek Health
    LinkedInYouTube

    © 2026 Trek Health. All rights reserved.

    OpenPayer is built and maintained by Trek Health.

    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesRepair Procedures on the BladderCPT cpt-51860-open-bladder-repair-simple-wound
    Ask Trek AI about this page

    CPT 51860: Simple Open Repair of Urinary Bladder

    Medicare pays $693 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 51860 describes an open surgical repair of a simple wound, injury, or tear of the urinary bladder performed through an abdominal incision; the service is a surgical bladder repair procedure typically delivered in an inpatient or outpatient surgical setting such as an operating room, and involves exploration, identification of the bladder injury, and primary closure of the defect.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Surgical Procedures, Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Service, Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in Adults.

    Customize your policy alerts

    Sign up for cpt 51860 policy alerts

    Get alerted when payer policies referencing 51860 are released or updated.

    Monitor payer policy activity

    Receive email alerts as soon as relevant payer policies are published or updated.

    Table of contents

    Progress1 / 7

    Explore openpayer tools

    • Billing CodesCPT, HCPCS, DRG & more
    • Reimbursement RatesCommercial vs. Medicare rate reports
    • Facility ComparisonBeds, revenue & payer mix
    • ProvidersHospitals & facilities
    • PayersPlans & market footprint
    • Taxonomy CodesNUCC specialty codes
    • ModifiersCPT modifiers & usage
    • Prior AuthorizationPA policies by payer & drug
    • Timely FilingFiling deadlines by payer
    • Coverage CriteriaMedical necessity by payer
    • Payer ContactsClaims, PA & appeals contacts
    View all tools

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 35–65-year-old adult presenting after blunt abdominal trauma or iatrogenic injury with hematuria, suprapubic pain, and signs of peritonitis. Initial evaluation includes focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST), CT cystography or CT abdomen/pelvis with contrast showing extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal bladder rupture. The patient is optimized for surgery with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and bladder drainage via Foley catheter. In the operating room under general anesthesia, an open exploratory laparotomy is performed with a low midline or Pfannenstiel abdominal incision to expose the bladder. The surgeon identifies a simple bladder laceration or tear, debrides devitalized tissue, and closes the defect in layers using absorbable sutures to achieve watertight repair. A suprapubic tube or urethral catheter is left in place for postoperative bladder drainage. Typical postoperative workflow includes monitoring in post-anesthesia care unit, serial abdominal examinations, urinary output assessment, antibiotics as indicated, and cystography or fluoroscopic cystogram before catheter removal to confirm healing.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    51040Cystostomy, suprapubic; tube cystostomy, simple (eg, for drainage)May be performed before or after bladder repair for urinary diversion and bladder decompression.
    52000Cystourethroscopy, diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washingUsed preoperatively or intraoperatively to evaluate bladder mucosa and locate the injury.
    49560Repair of incarcerated or strangulated abdominal wall hernia; initial repairFrequently performed by general surgeons in the same operative setting if a concurrent abdominal exploration reveals a hernia requiring repair (example of multiple procedures).
    49000Exploratory laparotomy, exploratory celiotomy with or without biopsy(s) (separate procedure)Often performed to access the bladder when an open approach is required; bladder repair commonly follows exploratory laparotomy.
    51701Insertion of temporary indwelling bladder catheter; simple (eg, Foley)Performed for bladder drainage preoperatively and postoperatively as part of management.

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208000000X
    208600000X
    363L00000X
    2080P0216X
    261QH0700X
    225400000X
    2278P1005X
    207RT0003X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    15 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    K66.1Hemoperitoneum
    N13.8Other obstructive and reflux uropathy
    N28.1Cyst of kidney, acquired
    N30.90Cystitis, unspecified without hematuria
    N30.91Cystitis, unspecified with hematuria
    N32.0Bladder-neck obstruction
    N32.1Vesicointestinal fistula
    N32.89Other specified disorders of bladder
    R31.0Gross hematuria
    R31.9Hematuria, unspecified

    Showing 1–10 of 15

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: General Surgery1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Surgical ProceduresUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of ServiceUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Site of Service for Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (ASC Select)Premera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Servicesierra health and life2026-08-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines — Inpatient Surgical CareMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-08-01
    Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) - Site of Care PolicyKaiser Permanente2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-51800-BLADDER-VESICAL-NECK-URETHRAL-REPAIR

    CPT 51800: Bladder Neck and Urethral Repair

    CPT-51820-BLADDER-URETHRAL-REPAIR-URETERAL-REIMPLANTATION

    CPT 51820: Bladder and Urethral Repair with Ureteral Reimplantation

    CPT-51840-URETHROPEXY-BLADDER-NECK-ELEVATION

    CPT 51840: Anterior Vesicourethropexy (Urethropexy)

    CPT-51841-ANTERIOR-VESICOURETHROPEXY-URETHROPEXY-ELEVATION-FIXATION

    CPT 51841: Anterior Vesicourethropexy or Urethropexy

    CPT-51845-BLADDER-NECK-SUSPENSION-FEMALE-STRESS-INCONTINENCE

    CPT 51845: Bladder Neck Suspension for Female Stress Incontinence

    CPT-51865-COMPLEX-OPEN-BLADDER-REPAIR

    CPT 51865: Open Repair of Complex Urinary Bladder Wound

    CPT-51880-CYSTOSTOMY-TUBE-REMOVAL-AND-BLADDER-CLOSURE

    CPT 51880: Removal of Cystostomy Tube with Bladder Closure

    CPT-51900-VESICOVAGINAL-URETHROVAGINAL-FISTULA-REPAIR

    CPT 51900: Vesicovaginal and Urethrovaginal Fistula Repair

    CPT-51920-VESICOUTERINE-FISTULA-REPAIR

    CPT 51920: Excision of Vesicouterine Fistula

    CPT-51925-VESICOUTERINE-FISTULA-EXCISION-WITH-HYSTERECTOMY

    CPT 51925: Vesicouterine Fistula Repair with Hysterectomy

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
    Published by

    Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

    Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.