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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesUrodynamic Procedures on the BladderCPT cpt-51728-complex-cystometrogram-voiding-pressure-studies
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    CPT 51728: Complex Cystometrogram with Voiding Pressure Studies

    Medicare pays $233 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 51728 describes a complex cystometrogram with voiding pressure studies performed to evaluate lower urinary tract function and diagnose conditions such as overactive bladder, stress urinary incontinence, or urinary outlet obstruction; this is a specialized diagnostic urodynamic service typically performed in a hospital outpatient department or an accredited ambulatory surgery center or urology clinic and involves measurement of bladder pressures during filling and voiding to assess detrusor activity, compliance, and obstruction.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Clinical Review Criteria Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM), Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines (i.e., Nerivio®), Lumbar Microdiscectomy.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 62-year-old woman with progressive urinary frequency, urgency with urge incontinence, and incomplete emptying despite conservative therapy. She has had persistent symptoms for 6–12 months and failed bladder training and antimuscarinic therapy. The urology clinic schedules a comprehensive urodynamic evaluation including a complex cystometrogram with voiding pressure studies to quantify bladder capacity, compliance, detrusor overactivity, and outlet obstruction.

    Workflow: The patient arrives to the urodynamics suite; informed consent and medication reconciliation are completed. A sterile technique is used to place a dual-lumen urethral catheter and a rectal or vaginal pressure transducer. Bladder filling is performed with saline at controlled rates while measuring intravesical, abdominal, and detrusor pressures. Provocative maneuvers and cough stress testing may be done. After filling, the patient is asked to void while intravesical and uroflow/flow metrics and voiding pressure tracings are recorded. The physician interprets tracings, documents findings (capacity, compliance, detrusor overactivity, leak point pressures, voiding pressures), and discusses results and next steps with the patient.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    51741Complex cystometrogram with non-physiologic filling or with external stimulationMay be performed in the same session for extended cystometric evaluation or specialized testing
    51726Complex uroflowmetry, voiding pressure studies with pressure-flow studyOften reported with cystometry when separate uroflowmetry or pressure-flow analysis is performed
    51798Physician interpretation and report of urodynamic studiesBilled when a separate, reportable interpretation is performed beyond the procedural code
    51701Uroflowmetry, each studyOften obtained before or during urodynamics to document flow rates
    51702Filling cystometrogram (CMG) onlyMay be used when only filling phase is performed without pressure-flow voiding study

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207W00000X
    208800000X
    208D00000X
    207L00000X
    253Z00000X
    101YS0200X
    136A00000X
    2083A0300X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    25 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    F45.41Pain disorder exclusively related to psychological factors
    F52.21Male erectile disorder
    G83.4Cauda equina syndrome
    N31.9Neuromuscular dysfunction of bladder, unspecified
    N32.0Bladder-neck obstruction
    N32.1Vesicointestinal fistula
    N32.81Overactive bladder
    N32.89Other specified disorders of bladder
    N36.9Urethral disorder, unspecified
    N39.0Urinary tract infection, site not specified

    Showing 1–10 of 25

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Neurology/Neurosurgery1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Clinical Review Criteria Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM)Kaiser Permanente2027-01-01
    Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines (i.e., Nerivio®)bcbsvermont2026-11-01
    Lumbar Microdiscectomyuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Artificial Cervical Intervertebral Discuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Decompressionuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Responsive Neurostimulation for Focal EpilepsyPremera Bluecross2026-10-14
    Intraoperative MonitoringProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Intraoperative MonitoringProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    High-Intensity Focused UltrasoundMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-10-01
    Vagal Nerve StimulationAmbetter Nevada2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-51725-CYSTOMETROGRAM-BLADDER-PRESSURE-CAPACITY-TEST

    CPT 51725: Cystometry to Measure Bladder Capacity and Pressure

    CPT-51726-CYSTOMETRY-BLADDER-PRESSURE-TESTING

    CPT 51726: Cystometry to Measure Bladder Capacity and Pressure

    CPT-51727-COMPLEX-CYSTOMETROGRAM-URETHRAL-PRESSURE-PROFILE

    CPT 51727: Complex Cystometrogram with Urethral Pressure Profile

    CPT-51729-COMPLEX-CYSTOMETROGRAM-VOIDING-URETHRAL-PRESSURE-PROFILE

    CPT 51729: Complex Cystometrogram with Voiding and Urethral Pressure Studies

    CPT-51736-UROFLOWMETRY-URODYNAMIC-FLOW-STUDY

    CPT 51736: Uroflowmetry (Urine Flow Measurement)

    CPT-51741-UROFLOWMETRY-URINARY-FLOW-MEASUREMENT

    CPT 51741: Uroflowmetry (Urine Flow Rate)

    CPT-51784-ANAL-OR-URETHRAL-SPHINCTER-ELECTRICAL-ACTIVITY-TESTING

    CPT 51784: EMG of Anal or Urethral Sphincter Muscles

    CPT-51785-ANAL-URETHRAL-SPHINCTER-ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

    CPT 51785: Anal or Urethral Sphincter Electromyography

    CPT-51792-SPHINCTER-ELECTROMYOGRAPHY-ANAL-URETHRAL

    CPT 51792: Anal or Urethral Sphincter Electromyography

    CPT-51797-VOIDING-PRESSURE-URODYNAMIC-TEST

    CPT 51797: Voiding Pressure (Leak Point Pressure) Study

    Showing 1–10 of 11

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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