CPT code 49180 represents a percutaneous needle biopsy of tissue within or behind the abdominal cavity, performed by inserting a needle through the abdominal wall to obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis. This minimally invasive diagnostic procedure is widely used to characterize abdominal masses and guide further management; it is commonly performed in outpatient surgical suites, ambulatory centers, or inpatient settings depending on patient condition. Nationally, accurate coding for 49180 is important for capturing diagnostic activity, ensuring appropriate site-of-service reporting, and facilitating reimbursement for image- or palpation-guided biopsy services.

Key payers discussed include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise review of the code’s clinical scope and typical settings, an outline of common modifiers and coding considerations (where available), and context on how this procedure fits into diagnostic pathways for abdominal masses. The publication also summarizes expected documentation elements and potential billing nuances relevant to hospital and ambulatory surgical claims. Data not available in the input is noted where applicable. This piece is intended for national audiences including coding professionals, hospital billing teams, and clinical leaders seeking a clear operational and policy-focused overview of CPT code 49180.