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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesRepair Procedures on the PancreasCPT cpt-48545-pancreas-repair-reconstruction-trauma
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    CPT 48545: Repair and Reconstruction of Pancreas After Trauma

    Medicare pays $1272 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 48545 describes surgical repair and reconstruction of the pancreas to restore function after traumatic abdominal injury; this operative procedure is a form of pancreatic reconstructive surgery typically performed in an inpatient hospital operating room or trauma surgery suite as part of emergency or urgent surgical care.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Surgical Procedures, Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Service, Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in Adults.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 32-year-old male presents to the emergency department after a high-speed motor vehicle collision with hemodynamic instability and a focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) showing intraperitoneal fluid. CT scan demonstrates a grade IV pancreatic laceration with ductal disruption and active peripancreatic hemorrhage. The patient is taken to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperatively the trauma/acute care surgeon performs debridement of devitalized pancreatic tissue, primary repair of a transected pancreatic neck, reconstruction of the pancreatic duct as feasible, placement of drains, and hemostasis to restore pancreatic continuity and function. Postoperatively the patient is managed in the surgical intensive care unit with serial labs (amylase/lipase), imaging as indicated, drain management, and consultation with gastroenterology for possible endoscopic pancreatic stenting if ductal repair is tenuous.

    Typical site of service: Inpatient acute care hospital – operating room.

    Service type: Trauma/acute surgical repair and reconstruction of the pancreas following abdominal injury.

    Typical patient scenario: Traumatic abdominal injury with pancreatic laceration and/or ductal injury requiring operative repair; commonly occurs in motor vehicle collisions, blunt abdominal trauma, or penetrating injuries.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    44950Exploratory laparotomy, exploratory celiotomy with or without biopsy(s) (separate procedure)Often performed prior to definitive pancreatic repair in trauma to evaluate and control intra-abdominal injuries.
    43845Excision or drainage of pancreatic cyst or pseudocyst, open or laparoscopicMay be performed if traumatic pancreatic injury results in a pseudocyst requiring operative management during or after repair.
    47562Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; with cholangiographyPerformed in some abdominal trauma cases if gallbladder injury is present or if biliary evaluation is indicated during abdominal exploration.
    43274Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with endoscopic retrograde sphincterotomyERCP with stent placement by gastroenterology may be used adjunctively for pancreatic ductal injuries either intraoperatively or postoperatively.
    32551Tube thoracostomy, includes water seal (without suction)May be performed in the same trauma resuscitation setting for associated thoracic injuries; often billed separately.
    36415Collection of venous blood by venipunctureRoutine perioperative labs including amylase/lipase/chemistry are part of perioperative management and coding for lab collection.

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    73Modifier 73 indicates a facility-level outpatient hospital or ASC procedure that was discontinued after the patient was prepared and taken to the procedure/operating room but before any anesthesia…- When to use: Apply CPT modifier 73 on the FACILITY (outpatient hospital or ASC) claim when the patient has been fully prepared and physically taken into the procedure/operating room but the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
    81Modifier -81 indicates a physician served as a minimal assistant surgeon for part—not all—of an operative procedure. Use when a physician’s assisting role is limited and does not represent full…- Use CPT modifier -81 when a physician acts as a minimum assistant surgeon who assists during only part (a limited portion) of an operative procedure; append -81 to the primary surgical CPT code to…
    82Modifier 82 is appended to a surgical CPT code to indicate that an attending physician acted as an assistant because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable. In teaching hospitals it documents…- When to use: Append modifier 82 in teaching-hospital settings to indicate a physician served as an assistant surgeon because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable (includes situations where…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208000000X
    2086S0105X
    207X00000X
    208800000X
    207L00000X
    364SL0600X
    163WP0807X
    106H00000X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    9 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    K86.2Cyst of pancreas
    R10.11Right upper quadrant pain
    R10.12Left upper quadrant pain
    R10.13Epigastric pain
    S36.031AModerate laceration of spleen, initial encounter
    S36.032AMajor laceration of spleen, initial encounter
    S36.039AUnspecified laceration of spleen, initial encounter
    T79.8XXAOther early complications of trauma, initial encounter
    T81.31XADisruption of external operation (surgical) wound, not elsewhere classified, initial encounter

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: General Surgery1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Surgical ProceduresUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of ServiceUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Site of Service for Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (ASC Select)Premera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Servicesierra health and life2026-08-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines — Inpatient Surgical CareMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-08-01
    Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) - Site of Care PolicyKaiser Permanente2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-48500-PANCREATIC-CYST-MARSUPIALIZATION

    CPT 48500: Marsupialization of Pancreatic Cyst

    CPT-48510-OPEN-DRAINAGE-PANCREATIC-PSEUDOCYST

    CPT 48510: Open Drainage of Pancreatic Pseudocyst

    CPT-48520-PANCREATIC-CYST-ENTERIC-DRAINAGE

    CPT 48520: Pancreatic Cyst–Enteric Internal Drainage

    CPT-48540-PANCREATIC-CYST-INTERNAL-DRAINAGE-CYSTENTEROSTOMY

    CPT 48540: Pancreatic Cyst-Jejunostomy for Internal Drainage

    CPT-48547-GASTRIC-TO-JEJUNUM-BYPASS-TRAUMATIC-ABDOMINAL-INJURY

    CPT 48547: Gastrojejunostomy to Bypass Duodenum for Traumatic Pancreatic Injury

    CPT-48548-PANCREATIC-JEJUNOSTOMY-PANCREATIC-DRAINAGE

    CPT 48548: Pancreaticojejunostomy for Pancreatic Drainage

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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