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    OpenPayerBilling CodesAnesthesia for Procedures on the Upper Arm and ElbowCPT cpt-01744-anesthesia-for-humerus-nonunion-malunion-repair
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    CPT 01744: Anesthesia for Humerus Nonunion/Malunion Repair

    Commercial payers pay $75 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 01744 describes anesthesia services provided for open or arthroscopic repair of nonunion or malunion of the humerus; this represents an anesthesia procedure for orthopedic surgical repair of the upper arm bone and is typically performed in an inpatient or outpatient surgical operating room setting.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Dental Anesthesia Services, Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an Adult, General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation Services.

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    National Reimbursement Benchmarks

    Commercial reimbursement for CPT 01744 centers around BUCA’s average commercial rate of $75.00, with notable variation across large national carriers. Cigna and Aetna sit above BUCA on mean rates at $96.50 and $88.40 respectively, while Blue Cross Blue Shield and UnitedHealth Group are closer to BUCA at $66.00 and $67.20. Blue Cross Blue Shield’s median of $56.70 aligns near its mean, indicating moderate central tendency, and Aetna shows a comparatively low median of $54.00 relative to its mean, signaling a skew toward higher outliers.

    Dispersion measured as the interquartile range (P75–P25) highlights differences in rate consistency: Blue Cross Blue Shield’s IQR is $36.90, UnitedHealth Group’s is $28.50, BUCA’s is $43.60, Aetna’s is $63.00, and Cigna’s is $58.00. UnitedHealth Group therefore exhibits the tightest middle 50% of rates, while Aetna displays the widest middle spread, with Cigna also showing substantial dispersion around its median.

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    National Payer Mean Reimbursement Rates

    State Reimbursement Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 51

    Rate by payer

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 52-year-old male presents with persistent shoulder pain and impaired function six months after a prior humeral fracture that healed with malalignment. Imaging confirms malunion of the proximal humerus with limited range of motion and rotator cuff irritation. The orthopedic surgeon schedules open corrective osteotomy and fixation (or arthroscopic-assisted release and fixation) to restore alignment and shoulder mechanics. An anesthesiology team evaluates the patient preoperatively, documents airway and medical comorbidities, and plans anesthesia technique — commonly general endotracheal anesthesia with regional blockade (interscalene nerve block) for intraoperative analgesia and postoperative pain control. In the operating room the anesthesia provider performs induction, airway management, maintenance, intraoperative monitoring, and emergence; postoperative transfer to PACU includes pain control handoff and documentation of block effectiveness. Typical perioperative considerations include blood loss management, positioning for upper extremity surgery, peripheral nerve block consent and documentation, and multimodal analgesia planning. Billing for anesthesia services for open or arthroscopic repair of humeral nonunion/malunion is reported with 01744 and may include applicable modifiers for unusual circumstances, bilateral procedures, or provider qualifications.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    27447Arthroplasty, knee, condyle and plateau; medial AND lateral compartments with or without patella resurfacing (total knee arthroplasty)

    Related Modifiers

    7 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207L00000X
    207LA0401X
    367500000X
    261QB0400X
    225CA2400X
    163WD0400X
    183700000X
    175M00000X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    33 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    M17.10Unilateral primary osteoarthritis, unspecified knee
    M17.11Unilateral primary osteoarthritis, right knee
    M17.12Unilateral primary osteoarthritis, left knee
    M17.5Other unilateral secondary osteoarthritis of knee
    M19.011Primary osteoarthritis, right shoulder
    M19.012Primary osteoarthritis, left shoulder
    M24.319Pathological dislocation of unspecified shoulder, not elsewhere classified
    M25.219Flail joint, unspecified shoulder
    M79.81Nontraumatic hematoma of soft tissue
    M84.359AStress fracture, hip, unspecified, initial encounter for fracture

    Showing 1–10 of 33

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Dental Anesthesia ServicesProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an AdultCigna2026-09-15
    General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation ServicesUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-01710-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-ANESTHESIA-SOFT-TISSUE-PROCEDURES

    CPT 01710: Anesthesia for Upper Arm and Elbow Procedures

    CPT-01712-ANESTHESIA-OPEN-TENOTOMY-ELBOW-TO-SHOULDER

    CPT 01712: Anesthesia for Open Tenotomy, Elbow to Shoulder

    CPT-01714-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-TENOPLASTY-ANESTHESIA

    CPT 01714: Anesthesia for Tenoplasty, Upper Arm and Elbow

    CPT-01716-ANESTHESIA-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-TENODESIS-BICEPS-RUPTURE

    CPT 01716: Anesthesia for Tenodesis, Long Biceps Tendon (Upper Arm/Elbow)

    CPT-01730-ANESTHESIA-CLOSED-PROCEDURE-HUMERUS-ELBOW

    CPT 01730: Anesthesia for Closed Procedure on Humerus or Elbow

    CPT-01732-ELBOW-DIAGNOSTIC-ARTHROSCOPY-ANESTHESIA

    CPT 01732: Anesthesia for Diagnostic Elbow Arthroscopy

    CPT-01740-ANESTHESIA-ELBOW-OPEN-ARTHROSCOPIC-PROCEDURE

    CPT 01740: Anesthesia for Open or Arthroscopic Elbow Procedure

    CPT-01742-ANESTHESIA-OSTEOTOMY-HUMERUS-UPPER-ARM

    CPT 01742: Anesthesia for Humerus Osteotomy

    CPT-01756-ELBOW-RADICAL-SURGERY-ANESTHESIA

    CPT 01756: Anesthesia for Radical Elbow Surgery

    CPT-01758-ANESTHESIA-EXCISION-CYST-TUMOR-HUMERUS

    CPT 01758: Anesthesia for Excision of Cyst or Tumor of Humerus

    Showing 1–10 of 15

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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    Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

    Listed as a related major orthopedic procedure; illustrates comparable anesthesia resource needs for major joint reconstruction though anatomically distinct from humeral repair.
    20610Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection into a major joint or bursaMay be used preoperatively or postoperatively for diagnostic or therapeutic joint injections as part of perioperative pain management planning.
    29881Arthroscopy, knee, surgical; with meniscectomy (medial OR lateral, including any meniscal shaving)Example of arthroscopic orthopedic procedure; included as related code representing arthroscopic technique comparable to arthroscopic-assisted humeral procedures.
    29888Arthroscopically aided anterior cruciate ligament repair/augmentation or reconstructionAnother related arthroscopic reconstructive procedure demonstrating similar perioperative anesthesia considerations for orthopedics.