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    OpenPayerBilling CodesViral and prion infections of the central nervous systemICD-10-CM a86-unspecified-viral-encephalitis
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    ICD-10-CM Code For Unspecified Viral Encephalitis: Group Overview

    The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) code group A86 includes viral encephalitis cases in which the infectious agent is not specified, covering acute inflammation of the brain caused by presumed viral etiologies. These ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes are used to document clinical encounters for patients with central nervous system viral infection symptoms where laboratory confirmation or organism identification is not available or not recorded, capturing disease severity, neurologic involvement, and complications. Accurate coding within the ICD-10-CM A86 group supports proper claim adjudication, complete clinical documentation, and appropriate reimbursement.

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    ICD-10-CM A86: Unspecified Viral Encephalitis Overview

    The diagnoses in the ICD-10-CM A86 group represent cases of viral inflammation of the brain where a specific viral cause has not been identified or documented. These conditions affect the central nervous system and can present with altered mental status, seizures, or focal neurologic deficits. Accurate coding matters for medical record completeness and appropriate reimbursement because it communicates the severity and nature of central nervous system infection.

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    When to Use

    Use a code from this group when a patient presents with clinical signs of encephalitis and the record documents a viral etiology but does not identify the specific virus. Choose this group when laboratory testing is inconclusive, pending, not performed, or the documentation explicitly states the viral cause is unspecified.

    ICD-10-CM Codes

    1 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    A86Unspecified viral encephalitis

    DRG Codes

    6 rows

    DRG CodeDescription
    097Non-Bacterial Infection of Nervous System Except Viral Meningitis with MCC
    098Non-Bacterial Infection of Nervous System Except Viral Meningitis with CC
    099Non-Bacterial Infection of Nervous System Except Viral Meningitis without CC/MCC
    974HIV with Major Related Condition with MCC
    975HIV with Major Related Condition with CC
    976HIV with Major Related Condition without CC/MCC

    Typical Clinical Scenarios

    • An adult presents to the emergency department with acute onset fever, headache, confusion, photophobia, and new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizure after a 2-day prodrome of viral illness. Neuroimaging is nondiagnostic and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein but specific viral PCR panels are negative or not available, leading to assignment of an unspecified viral encephalitis diagnosis due to acute encephalopathy of presumed viral origin. Typical codes: A86.
    • An elderly nursing home resident develops progressive lethargy, intermittent fever, and worsening cognitive decline over several days; lumbar puncture demonstrates CSF inflammation but no identifiable viral pathogen despite comprehensive testing. Because the presentation is an acute central nervous system infection consistent with viral encephalitis yet lacks a specific etiologic agent, the unspecified viral encephalitis code is used as the principal diagnosis for inpatient management and monitoring. Typical codes: A86.
    • A middle-aged immunocompromised patient (on chemotherapy) is admitted with fever, focal neurologic deficits, and altered mental status; MRI shows cortical inflammation but repeat CSF and serologies fail to identify a causative virus. The diagnosis of unspecified viral encephalitis is recorded as a comorbidity complicating the patient’s immunosuppression and guiding precautions and empiric antiviral therapy pending further workup. Typical codes: A86.

    Related Codes

    A80-ACUTE-POLIOMYELITIS

    ICD-10-CM Code For Acute Poliomyelitis: Group Overview

    A81-ATYPICAL-VIRUS-INFECTIONS-CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM

    ICD-10-CM Code For Atypical Virus Infections Of Central Nervous System: Group Overview

    A82-RABIES

    ICD-10-CM Code For Rabies: Group Overview

    A83-MOSQUITO-BORNE-VIRAL-ENCEPHALITIS

    ICD-10-CM Code For Mosquito-Borne Viral Encephalitis: Group Overview

    A84-TICK-BORNE-VIRAL-ENCEPHALITIS

    ICD-10-CM Code For Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis: Group Overview

    A85-OTHER-VIRAL-ENCEPHALITIS

    ICD-10-CM Code For Other Viral Encephalitis Not Elsewhere Classified: Group Overview

    A87-VIRAL-MENINGITIS

    ICD-10-CM Code For Viral Meningitis: Group Overview

    A88-OTHER-VIRAL-CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM-INFECTIONS

    ICD-10-CM Code For Other Viral Infections Of Central Nervous System Not Elsewhere Classified: Group Overview

    A89-UNSPECIFIED-VIRAL-INFECTION-CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM

    ICD-10-CM Code For Unspecified Viral Infection Of Central Nervous System: Group Overview

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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