Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgery Procedures
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Defines medical necessity for cosmetic and reconstructive surgical procedures, lists procedures considered not medically necessary, and describes criteria and prior approval requirements for reconstructive care; applies to Priority Health members and providers.
No material clinical or coverage changes in this revision.
Coverage Criteria for Cosmetic and Reconstructive Procedures
Cosmetic / Not Medically Necessary
Cosmetic procedures are considered not medically necessary.
List taken from policy section A. Cosmetic Surgery.
Therapeutic Reconstructive Surgery
Therapeutic reconstructive surgery is medically necessary when performed to improve function and requires prior plan approval.
Prior Plan approval is required from the Medical Director; submission of photographs may be required for procedures with both reconstructive and cosmetic indications.
Examples of non-covered conditions include revision for aesthetic concerns such as nipple fading or loss of symmetry.
Clinical Functional Impairment
Medical necessity for reconstructive procedures based on clinical functional impairment is established when documentation demonstrates significant impairment.
Photographic documentation may be required.
Blepharoptosis/Brow Ptosis Repair
Blepharoplasty is medically necessary only when addressing functional impairment (visual field obstruction) and must meet InterQual criteria.
Facial Scar Revision
One facial scar revision may be considered medically necessary when all criteria are met.
Photographic documentation may be required.
Policy aligns with ASPS/AAFPRS guidance emphasizing individualized assessment and restraint in iterative revisions.
Scar and Laser Therapy
Policy stance on keloids and fractional CO2 laser therapy.
Keloids are pathologically distinct from hypertrophic burn scars and laser monotherapy is discouraged.
Supported by systematic reviews, RCTs, and guideline consensus; not a replacement for surgical release of fixed contractures.
Fractional CO2 laser for hypertrophic burn scars
Clinical evidence and guideline-based stance for fractional CO2 laser:
Heterogeneity in devices and parameters exists; laser therapy does not replace surgical release for severe, fixed contractures.
Keloids
Limitations and exclusions related to keloids:
Keloids are outside the scope of the CO2 laser indication in this policy.
Port wine stains treatment
Port wine stains and vascular malformations coverage context:
Lesions are classified by vessel diameter (Grade I–IV) which correlates with appearance and treatment considerations; earlier treatment may yield improved outcomes per expert consensus.
Scalp cooling for CIA prevention
Scalp cooling devices for prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia:
Manual precooled caps are not FDA-regulated and scalp cooling is not appropriate for all chemotherapy regimens.
Procedure-to-code mapping rules
Code assignment differentiated by graft type and graft area thresholds
This block summarizes mapping rules; detailed code-to-area assignments appear in the CPT/HCPCS code sections of the policy.
The policy treats procedures performed solely to change or restore appearance as not medically necessary. The document provides an extensive list of procedures routinely considered cosmetic and therefore excluded from coverage, including but not limited to abdominoplasty (unless addressed in policy 91444), Botox for wrinkles, breast augmentation/lift (except as part of post‑mastectomy reconstruction), brow lift, chemical peels, dermabrasion, electrolysis, facelifts, hair transplantation, laser facial resurfacing, liposuction (unless integral to another covered procedure), tattoo removal, torn earlobe repair, rhinophyma treatment, and scalp cooling devices for chemotherapy‑induced alopecia.
The policy explicitly excludes keloid treatment from the fractional CO2 laser indication: removal of keloids from body piercings and tattoos is considered cosmetic and not medically necessary, and fractional ablative laser treatment (FLT) for keloid scars is not medically necessary due to insufficient evidence and high recurrence risk. Additionally, the listed ICD‑10 codes Z41.1, Z41.8, Z41.9, and Z42.8 are defined as codes that exclude coverage of any services when billed.
Several CPT entries in the excision/lipectomy and related code listings are annotated to indicate they are governed by another policy: where site‑specific codes reference coverage only for indications specified in Policy 91631, providers must follow that policy’s criteria for clinical indications and documentation when requesting authorization or submitting claims.
CPT codes for excision/lipectomy of the upper extremity and forearm/hand (e.g., codes in the 15834–15839 series with arm/forearm/hand descriptors) are noted as covered only for indications in Policy 91631. Absent those referenced indications, these entries are not authorized under this policy.
Suction‑assisted lipectomy codes (CPT 15878 and 15879 for upper and lower extremity) are annotated as covered only for indications described in Policy 91631. The policy therefore limits coverage of CPT 15878/15879 to clinical scenarios that meet that cross‑referenced policy’s criteria.
The following section is presented as a procedure code listing without additional explicit clinical coverage rules in these fragments; it enumerates CPT and HCPCS codes relevant to excision/lipectomy, suction‑assisted lipectomy, dermatologic cosmetic procedures, and related entries and should be used for coding/authorization reference.
Several codes in the CPT/HCPCS lists carry an annotation of 'policy 91631 only' indicating that those entries are subject to the coverage criteria and prior‑authorization requirements of Policy 91631 rather than being unconditionally covered under this policy. Providers should consult Policy 91631 when these annotated codes are billed.
This portion of the CPT list repeats codes for dermatologic cosmetic services, breast procedures, and facial contouring and includes cross‑reference notes (e.g., 'policy 91631 only') for some entries. The content in these chunks is primarily a code listing with brief descriptors and cross‑reference annotations to guide billing and authorization.
Code fragments in this segment enumerate mastopexy, forehead contouring, and reconstruction‑related CPT entries; the lines serve as a reference list and do not add independent coverage criteria within the provided text.
These code lines describe craniofacial and forehead/orbital reconstruction CPT codes (21172–21184 series) and related descriptors. The excerpt functions as a mapping of procedural scenarios to CPT codes rather than stating new coverage rules in the quoted fragments.
The list further specifies CPT codes for forehead and cranial reconstruction, with repeated annotations indicating graft type considerations and area‑based distinctions; these entries are intended as coding guidance tied to reconstructive procedures.
Code descriptors in this fragment emphasize reconstruction procedures following excision of benign cranial bone tumors (e.g., fibrous dysplasia) and reference CPT codes for orbital/forehead/nasoethmoid complex reconstruction, again serving as a code reference without adding separate coverage criteria in the provided excerpt.
This section includes CPT/HCPCS entries for area‑based grafting and autogenous rib cartilage graft codes (e.g., 21230) and repeats area thresholds tied to code selection; the content in these chunks is presented as coding descriptors rather than standalone policy criteria.
The enumerated CPT codes extend to multiple reconstruction and grafting procedures (including 21182–21184, 21230, 21235 and related codes). These entries should be used for claim coding and to confirm appropriate prior‑authorization requirements when applicable.
The listed codes include repeated area‑threshold annotations (total area of bone grafting categories) that map to specific CPT codes for reconstructive cranial procedures; providers should apply these mappings when selecting codes for authorization and billing.
Coding — CPT/HCPCS/ICD-10 Codes and Mappings
| Z41.1 | Encounter for cosmetic surgery |
| Z41.8 | Encounter for other procedures for purposes other than remedying health state |
| Z41.9 | Encounter for procedure for purposes other than remedying health state, unspecified |
| Z42.8 | Encounter for other plastic and reconstructive surgery following medical procedure or healed injury |
| 10040 | Extraction (e.g., marsupialization, opening or removal of multiple milia, comedones, cysts, pustules) |
| 11920 | Tattooing, intradermal introduction of insoluble opaque pigments to correct color defects of skin, including micropigmentation; 6.0 sq. cm or less |
| 11921 | Tattooing; 6.1 to 20.0 sq. cm |
| 11922 | Tattooing; each additional 20.0 sq. cm |
| 11950 | Subcutaneous injection of filling material; 1 cc or less |
| 11951 | Subcutaneous injection of filling material; 1.1 to 5.0 cc |
| 11952 | Subcutaneous injection of filling material; 5.1 to 10.0 cc |
| 11954 | Subcutaneous injection of filling material; over 10.0 cc |
| 11960 | Insertion of tissue expander(s) for other than breast, including subsequent expansion |
| 15769 | Grafting of autologous soft tissue, other, harvested by direct excision |
| 15834 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); leg (covered for indications in policy 91631 only) |
| 15835 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); hip |
| 15836 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); buttock |
| 15837 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); arm |
| 15838 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); forearm or hand |
| 15839 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); submental fat pad |
| 15847* | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); other area or abdomen (e.g., abdominoplasty) — list separately in addition to code for primary procedure |
| 15876 | Suction assisted lipectomy; head and neck |
| 15836 | Suction assisted lipectomy; trunk |
| 15837 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); arm |
| 15838 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); forearm or hand |
| 15839 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); submental fat pad / other area |
| 15847 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy), abdomen (e.g., abdominoplasty) (includes umbilical transposition and fascial plication) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) |
| 15876 | Suction assisted lipectomy; head and neck |
| 15877 | Suction assisted lipectomy; trunk |
| 15878 | Suction assisted lipectomy; upper extremity |
| 15879 | Suction assisted lipectomy; lower extremity |
| 15838 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); submental fat pad |
| 15839 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); other area |
| 15847* | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy), abdomen (e.g., abdominoplasty) (includes umbilical transposition and fascial plication) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) |
| 15876 | Suction assisted lipectomy; head and neck |
| 15877 | Suction assisted lipectomy; trunk |
| 15878 | Suction assisted lipectomy; upper extremity (covered for indications in policy 91631 only) |
| 15879 | Suction assisted lipectomy; lower extremity (covered for indications in policy 91631 only) |
| 17340 | Cryotherapy (CO2 slush, liquid N2) for acne |
| 17360 | Chemical exfoliation for acne (e.g., acne paste, acid) |
| 15847 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy), abdomen (e.g., abdominoplasty) (includes umbilical transposition and fascial plication) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) |
| 15876 | Suction assisted lipectomy; head and neck |
| 15877 | Suction assisted lipectomy; trunk |
| 15878 | Suction assisted lipectomy; upper extremity |
| 15879 | Suction assisted lipectomy; lower extremity |
| 17340 | Cryotherapy (CO2 slush, liquid N2) for acne |
| 17360 | Chemical exfoliation for acne (e.g., acne paste, acid) |
| 17380 | Electrolysis epilation, each 30 minutes |
| 19316 | Mastopexy |
| 19355 | Correction of Inverted Nipples |
| 21120 | Genioplasty; augmentation (autograft, allograft, prosthetic material) |
| 17340 | Cryotherapy (CO2 slush, liquid N2) for acne |
| 17360 | Chemical exfoliation for acne (e.g., acne paste, acid) |
| 17380 | Electrolysis epilation, each 30 minutes |
| 19316 | Mastopexy |
| 19355 | Correction of Inverted Nipples |
| 21120 | Genioplasty; augmentation (autograft, allograft, prosthetic material) |
| 21137 | Reduction forehead; contouring only |
| 21138 | Reduction forehead; contouring with bone graft (includes obtaining autograft) |
| 21150 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort II; anterior intrusion (e.g., Treacher-Collins Syndrome) |
| 21151 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort II; any direction, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21154 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21155 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts; with/without LeFort I |
| 21159 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21160 | Reconstruction superior-lateral orbital rim and lower forehead, advancement or alteration, with or without grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21172 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with grafts (allograft or prosthetic material) |
| 21175 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with autograft (includes obtaining grafts) |
| 21179 | Reconstruction by contouring of benign tumor of cranial bones (e.g., fibrous dysplasia), extracranial |
| 21180 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with autograft (includes obtaining grafts) |
| 21172 | Reconstruction superior-lateral orbital rim and lower forehead, advancement or alteration (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21175 | Reconstruction, bifrontal, superior-lateral orbital rims and lower forehead, advancement or alteration |
| 21179 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with grafts (allograft or prosthetic material) |
| 21180 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with autograft (includes obtaining grafts) |
| 21181 | Reconstruction by contouring of benign tumor of cranial bones (e.g., fibrous dysplasia), extracranial |
| 21182 | Reconstruction of orbital walls, rims, forehead, nasoethmoid complex following intra- and extracranial excision of benign tumor of cranial bone, with multiple autografts; total area of bone grafting less than 40 sq. cm |
| 21183 | Reconstruction of orbital walls, rims, forehead, nasoethmoid complex following excision; multiple autografts; total area of bone grafting less than 40 sq. cm |
| 21175 | Reconstruction, bifrontal, superior-lateral orbital rims and lower forehead, advancement or alteration |
| 21179 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with grafts (allograft or prosthetic material) |
| 21180 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with autograft (includes obtaining grafts) |
| 21181 | Reconstruction by contouring of benign tumor of cranial bones (e.g., fibrous dysplasia), extracranial |
| 21182 | Reconstruction of orbital walls, rims, forehead, nasoethmoid complex; multiple autografts; total area of bone grafting less than 40 sq. cm |
| 21183 | Reconstruction ... with multiple autografts; total area of bone grafting greater than 40 sq. cm but less than 80 sq. cm |
| 21184 | Reconstruction of orbital walls, rims, forehead, nasoethmoid complex |
| 21179 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with grafts (allograft or prosthetic material) |
| 21180 | Reconstruction, entire or majority of forehead and/or supraorbital rims; with autograft (includes obtaining grafts) |
| 21181 | Reconstruction by contouring of benign tumor of cranial bones (e.g., fibrous dysplasia), extracranial |
| 21182 | Reconstruction of orbital walls, rims, forehead, nasoethmoid complex following excision; total area of bone grafting less than 40 sq. cm |
| 21183 | Reconstruction ... with multiple autografts; total area of bone grafting greater than 40 sq. cm but less than 80 sq. cm |
| 21184 | Reconstruction of orbital walls, rims, forehead, nasoethmoid complex; area-based grafting distinctions |
| 21179 | Reconstruction of orbital walls, rims, forehead, nasoethmoid complex following excision; with grafts (allograft or prosthetic material) |
| 21180 | Reconstruction; with autograft (includes obtaining grafts) |
| 21181 | Reconstruction by contouring of benign tumor of cranial bones (e.g., fibrous dysplasia), extracranial |
| 21182 | Reconstruction ... with multiple autografts; total area of bone grafting less than 40 sq. cm |
| 21183 | Reconstruction ... with multiple autografts; total area of bone grafting greater than 40 sq. cm but less than 80 sq. cm |
| 21230 | Graft; rib cartilage, autogenous, to face, chin, nose or ear |
| 21181 | Reconstruction by contouring of benign tumor of cranial bones (e.g., fibrous dysplasia), extracranial |
| 21182 | Reconstruction ... following excision; multiple autografts (area-based descriptors) |
| 21183 | Reconstruction ... with multiple autografts; total area of bone grafting less than 40 sq. cm |
| 21184 | Reconstruction ... with multiple autografts; total area of bone grafting greater than 40 sq. cm but less than 80 sq. cm |
| 21182 | Reconstruction of orbital walls/rims/forehead/nasoethmoid complex following excision; autografts — various area thresholds referenced |
| 21183 | Reconstruction ... total area of bone grafting less than 40 sq. cm |
| 21184 | Reconstruction ... total area of bone grafting greater than 40 sq. cm but less than 80 sq. cm |
| 21230 | Graft; rib cartilage, autogenous, to face, chin, nose or ear |
| 21235 | Graft; rib cartilage, autogenous, to face, chin, nose or ear (includes obtaining graft) |
| 21244 | Mandibular staple bone plate (referenced among grafting/reconstruction codes) |
| 21245 | Mandibular staple bone plate (secondary code referenced) |
| 21256 | Reconstruction of orbit with osteotomies (extracranial) and with bone grafts |
| 21260 | Periorbital osteotomies for orbital hypertelorism, with bone grafts (extracranial) |
| 21261 | Periorbital osteotomies, combined intra- and extracranial approach |
| C43.10 - C43.12 | Malignant melanoma of eyelid, including canthus |
| C44.101 - C44.199 | Malignant neoplasm of skin of eyelid, including canthus |
| D03.10 - D03.12 | Melanoma in situ of eyelid, including canthus |
| D04.10 - D04.12 | Carcinoma in situ of skin of eyelid, including canthus |
| D04.30 - D04.39 | Carcinoma in situ of skin of other part of face |
| D22.10 - D22.12 | Melanocytic nevi of eyelid, including canthus |
| D23.10 - D23.12 | Other benign neoplasm of skin of eyelid, including canthus |
| E05.00 | Thyrotoxicosis with diffuse goiter without thyrotoxic crisis or storm |
| G24.5 | Blepharospasm |
| G51.9 | Disorder of facial nerve, unspecified |
Provider Actions, Prior Authorization, and Documentation Requirements
Prior approval required
Prior Plan approval is required from the Medical Director for therapeutic reconstructive surgery; obtain prior approval before proceeding with reconstructive procedures intended to improve function.
Auth required for listed codes
Certain CPT/HCPCS codes listed as generally not medically necessary require authorization if seeking an exception to coverage; submit an authorization request for those codes marked with an asterisk.
Prior authorization for listed lipectomy codes
Providers should obtain prior authorization when required for the enumerated lipectomy and lipectomy-related CPT codes (15836–15839, 15847, 15876–15879) and ensure the clinical indication matches any cross-referenced policy.
Procedure codes and policy linkage
This section lists CPT/HCPCS procedure codes referenced by the policy; note that some codes are annotated with 'policy 91631 only' and require cross-policy review when seeking authorization.
Prior authorization for craniofacial/forehead reconstruction
Complex craniofacial and forehead reconstruction procedures mapped to CPT codes in the 21150–21181 series typically require prior authorization; verify authorization prior to service.
CPT codes listed in this section
Include the CPT codes listed in the policy's CPT/HCPCS Codes section when determining prior authorization needs; these codes should be referenced on authorization requests.
Codes listed in this segment
The listed CPT codes in the forehead/cranium reconstruction segments are presented as code mappings; prior authorization applicability is not explicitly specified in these chunks but codes should be used for routing/authorization inquiries.
CPT codes listed
This excerpt lists CPT codes relevant to reconstruction that may be subject to coverage rules; no explicit prior authorization rules are stated here—confirm with medical director or payer authorization processes.
Codes to reference for prior authorization
Use the CPT/HCPCS codes presented in the policy when requesting prior authorization and for billing; the list is intended to guide authorization and claims submissions for reconstructive procedures.
Use listed CPT/HCPCS codes for authorization
Providers must use the listed CPT/HCPCS codes corresponding to reconstruction and autograft procedures (including area-based graft codes) when requesting authorization or submitting claims.
Listed procedure codes — check prior authorization
Verify prior authorization/coverage for the CPT/HCPCS procedure codes listed in this policy section (extensive list across lipectomy, craniofacial reconstruction, grafting, and dermatologic procedures) before performing services.
Adjunctive therapy positioning
Fractional CO2 laser therapy is positioned as an adjunctive treatment within a multidisciplinary burn scar rehabilitation program; document that laser therapy is part of a comprehensive treatment plan rather than sole therapy.
Step therapy
No step therapy requirements are specified in the policy fragments provided.
Photographic documentation
Submission of photographic documentation is required for procedures with both reconstructive and cosmetic indications and may be required to demonstrate clinical functional impairment, blepharoplasty indications, or scar revision necessity.
- Photographs should document the anatomical site and degree of functional impairment when applicable.
Prior approval requirement
Prior Plan approval from the Medical Director is required for therapeutic reconstructive surgery and for cases where clinical functional impairment is claimed; obtain authorization prior to treatment.
Authorization for exceptions
Authorization is required for exceptions to the CPT/HCPCS codes listed as generally not medically necessary (codes marked with an asterisk); submit documentation and justification when requesting an exception.
Documentation must support site and covered indication
Provider documentation must support the anatomical site and the covered indication per Policy 91631 when billing excision/lipectomy CPT codes (e.g., hip, buttock, arm, forearm/hand, submental, abdomen).
Coding and documentation linkage
Claims should include the appropriate CPT/HCPCS code for the anatomic site and, where applicable, reference the primary procedure when an add-on/list-separately code (e.g., 15847*) is billed.
List separately documentation
When billing codes listed as 'List separately in addition to code for primary procedure' (for example 15847*), document and bill the add-on separately and include supporting operative details.
- Ensure the primary procedure code is also reported when required by the code descriptor.
Coding and cross-reference note
Use the exact CPT/HCPCS codes listed in the policy on claims and follow any cross-referenced policies (for example, Policy 91631) when those annotations appear next to codes.
supporting operative documentation
When billing reconstructive midface, LeFort, forehead or orbital procedures, include operative documentation supporting the specific reconstruction performed (e.g., LeFort II vs III, need for bone grafts, intra- vs extracranial approach).
This section provides code descriptors
This code section provides descriptors including graft area thresholds (<40 sq. cm, 40–80 sq. cm, >80 sq. cm) and example indications (e.g., benign cranial bone tumor such as fibrous dysplasia); document graft type and total area when relevant.
- Document total area of bone grafting (<40, 40–80, >80 sq. cm) when billing area-based reconstruction codes.
Document ICD-10 diagnosis to support procedure
Medical records should support the listed ICD-10 diagnoses when submitting claims for blepharoptosis and brow ptosis repair; include the applicable diagnosis code(s) from the policy's diagnosis list.
- Examples include H02.40x series for ptosis, H02.83x for dermatochalasis, and trauma/burn codes where appropriate.
Cosmetic procedures not medically necessary
Therapies and procedures intended to change or restore appearance for cosmetic purposes are considered not medically necessary; do not seek authorization for cosmetic-only indications.
Revision surgery denial risk
Revisions of prior surgery performed for aesthetic/cosmetic reasons are not covered unless there were documented surgical complications such as cellulitis, infection, lymphedema, hematoma, or significant skin or flap necrosis.
Coverage exclusions by ICD-10
Use of ICD-10 codes Z41.1, Z41.8, Z41.9, or Z42.8 excludes coverage of any services and may trigger denial when billed to Priority Health.
- Codes explicitly exclude coverage: Z41.1, Z41.8, Z41.9, Z42.8
Scalp cooling reimbursement stance
Scalp cooling devices and products for prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia are considered incidental to chemotherapy administration and are not separately reimbursed; claims billed separately may be denied.
Denial risk when indications not supported
Claims for listed excision/lipectomy codes may be denied if submitted without reference to covered indications specified in Policy 91631 for the anatomical sites noted (e.g., leg, hip, buttock, arm, forearm/hand, submental).
Indication linkage to policy 91631
Using upper extremity, forearm/hand, or related lipectomy codes without meeting the indications in Policy 91631 may trigger denial; ensure the indication aligns with Policy 91631 before billing.
Coding mismatch/unsupported code risk
Claims may be denied if submitted with codes not included in the policy's CPT/HCPCS listing or if the coding does not match the listed procedural descriptions; ensure billed codes appear in the policy's code lists and match documented services.
Policy cross-reference for suction assisted lipectomy
Claims for certain suction-assisted lipectomy codes may be routed to Policy 91631 as indicated by repeated 'policy 91631 only' annotations; failure to follow the referenced policy could trigger denial or re-routing.
- Keep in mind: 15877–15879 frequently annotated as 'policy 91631 only'.
coding mismatch risk
Formatting anomalies and repeated list artifacts in the code tables may cause confusion; ensure billed CPT/HCPCS codes exactly match policy-listed codes to avoid coding/claim confusion and potential denial.
Background and Scope
Background: Cosmetic surgery is defined as procedures performed on normal structures primarily to improve appearance and is considered not medically necessary. By contrast, reconstructive surgery addresses abnormal structures caused by congenital anomaly, trauma, disease, or prior surgery and is generally performed to improve function. Therapeutic reconstructive procedures may require prior Plan approval and must meet documented clinical functional impairment or specific indication thresholds (for example, traumatic repair timeframes and other criteria) as outlined in the policy.
Definitions and Terminology
Policy Revision History
Policy effective date as stated in the header: Effective 08/01/2026.
Policy last reviewed and updated on 05/13/2026 (Committee review 05/13/2026).
Committee review entry listed among past review dates (05/2024).
Committee review entry listed among past review dates (11/2025).
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