Transgender Affirmation Policy and Procedure (Gender-Affirming Care Coverage Criteria)
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This policy governs coverage, prior authorization, and clinical criteria for gender-affirming medical and surgical treatments for members of Curative Health Plan; it affects members seeking gender-affirming care and providers/credentialed utilization review staff processing these requests.
No material clinical or coverage changes in this revision.
Coverage Criteria for Gender-Affirming Care
Eligibility for Gender Affirmation Surgery and Treatment
Covered when ALL of the following are met:
From Procedure and Eligibility sections
Procedure-specific prerequisites
For certain procedures, ALL of the following additional requirements apply:
Chunk 15
Chunk 14
Chunk 16
Chunk 17
Additional covered services and special cases
Chunk 17
Procedures considered not medically necessary
Not Medically Necessary / Limitations and Exclusions
See Breast Implant Removal for medically necessary replacement of implants.
Limitations and exclusions
General exclusions (examples)
Coverage contingent on meeting Procedure section qualifications.
The following specific cosmetic procedures and ancillary services are excluded from coverage unless otherwise noted: abdominoplasty; blepharoplasty; body contouring (e.g., fat transfer, lipoplasty, panniculectomy); brow lift; calf implants; cheek, chin and nose implants; face/forehead lift and/or neck tightening; facial reconstruction including facial bone remodeling for facial feminization; hair transplantation; injection of fillers or neurotoxins; laryngeal prominence modification; lip augmentation or reduction; liposuction; mastopexy; pectoral implants for chest masculinization; rhinoplasty; skin resurfacing (e.g., dermabrasion, chemical peels, laser); thyroid cartilage reduction/trachea shave; voice modification surgery (e.g., laryngoplasty, glottoplasty); voice lessons and voice therapy; and hair removal (electrolysis/laser) when not related to genital reconstruction. Exception: a limited number of electrolysis or laser hair removal sessions are considered medically necessary when prescribed for skin graft preparation for genital surgery.
Services and items that are not covered include treatment received outside of the United States and reproduction services. Reproductive exclusions specifically include sperm preservation in advance of hormone treatment or gender dysphoria surgery, cryopreservation of fertilized embryos, oocyte preservation, surrogate parenting, donor eggs, donor sperm and host uterus. Also excluded are transportation, meals, lodging or similar expenses and cosmetic procedures; coverage for these services is subject to applicable federal, state or contractual requirements.
Curative considers more than one breast augmentation to be not medically necessary. This exclusion does not apply to the medically necessary replacement of breast implants (see the Breast Implant Removal provision). Multiple augmentations performed beyond what is deemed medically necessary may be denied as cosmetic.
Certain procedures that may be performed as components of gender transition are designated not medically necessary/cosmetic and are therefore excluded from coverage. Examples called out by the plan include multiple breast augmentations (see above) and other transition‑related cosmetic procedures; this list is not all‑inclusive. Coverage is contingent on meeting the Procedure section qualifications, and services that do not meet those qualifications may be denied.
Billing and Diagnosis Codes
| 14000 | Adjacent tissue transfer or rearrangement, trunk; defect 10 sq cm or less. |
| 14001 | Adjacent tissue transfer or rearrangement, trunk; defect 10.1 sq cm to 30.0 sq cm. |
| 14041 | Adjacent tissue transfer or rearrangement, forehead, cheeks, chin, mouth, neck, axillae, genitalia, hands and/or feet; defect 10.1 sq cm to 30.0 sq cm. |
| 15734 | Muscle, myocutaneous, or fasciocutaneous flap; trunk. |
| 15738 | Muscle, myocutaneous, or fasciocutaneous flap; lower extremity. |
| 15750 | Flap; neurovascular pedicle. |
| 15757 | Free skin flap with microvascular anastomosis. |
| 15758 | Free fascia flap with microvascular anastomosis. |
| 17380 | Electrolysis epilation, each 30 minutes. |
| 17999 | Unlisted procedure, skin, mucous membrane and subcutaneous tissue. |
| 53410 | Urethroplasty, 1-stage reconstruction of male anterior urethra. |
| 53430 | Urethroplasty, reconstruction of female urethra. |
| 54125 | Amputation of penis; complete. |
| 54400 | Insertion of penile prosthesis; non-inflatable (semi-rigid). |
| 54401 | Insertion of penile prosthesis; inflatable (self-contained). |
| 54408 | Repair of component(s) of a multi-component, inflatable penile prosthesis. |
| 54411 | Removal and replacement of all components of a multi-component inflatable penile prosthesis through an infected field at the same operative session, including irrigation and debridement of infected tissue. |
| 54416 | Removal and replacement of non-inflatable (semi-rigid) or inflatable (self-contained) penile prosthesis at the same operative session. |
| 56800 | Plastic repair of introitus. |
| 56805 | Clitoroplasty for intersex state. |
| 57110 | Vaginectomy, complete removal of vaginal wall. |
| 57335 | Vaginoplasty for intersex state. |
| 58150 | Total abdominal hysterectomy (corpus and cervix), with or without removal of tube(s), with or without removal of ovary(s). |
| 58260 | Vaginal hysterectomy, for uterus 250 g or less. |
| 58262 | Vaginal hysterectomy, for uterus 250 g or less; with removal of tube(s), and/or ovary(s). |
| 58290 | Vaginal hysterectomy, for uterus greater than 250 g. |
| 58291 | Vaginal hysterectomy, for uterus greater than 250 g; with removal of tube(s) and/or ovary(s). |
| 58550 | Laparoscopy, surgical, with vaginal hysterectomy, for uterus 250 g or less. |
| F64.0 | Transsexualism. |
| F64.2 | Gender identity disorder of childhood. |
| F64.8 | Other gender identity disorders. |
| F64.9 | Gender identity disorder, unspecified. |
| Z87.890 | Personal history of sex affirmation. |
Provider Requirements, Authorization, and Documentation
Prior authorization required
Prior authorization is required for Gender Affirmation Surgery and Treatment; the member must meet the policy's eligibility criteria including having reached physical maturity and being 18 years of age or older, documented gender dysphoria for ≥12 months, under the care of a psychiatrist/psychologist for ≥12 months, living as the other gender for 12 months, and two attending physicians affirming medical necessity.
- Obtain prior authorization before scheduling gender-affirming procedures.
- Confirm member meets all listed eligibility criteria in the Procedure/Eligibility sections prior to submission.
Eligibility must meet Procedure-section qualifications
Coverage applies only when the member meets the specific qualifications listed in the Procedure section; if the member does not meet those qualifications, coverage does not apply.
- Verify each procedural-specific requirement (e.g., age, duration of dysphoria, behavioral health care, hormone therapy) in the Procedure section prior to authorization.
Minimum hormone therapy durations required for specified procedures
Certain procedures require documented completion of specified durations of hormone therapy prior to surgery unless hormones are not desired or are medically contraindicated.
- Breast augmentation: completion of six months of feminizing hormone therapy (12 months for adolescents <18) prior to surgery unless not desired/contraindicated.
- Gonadectomy and genital reconstructive surgery: six months of continuous hormone therapy as appropriate to gender goals (12 months for adolescents <18) unless not desired/contraindicated.
- For chest masculinization in members <18, completion of one year of testosterone is required unless not desired/contraindicated.
Step therapy not specified
The policy excerpt does not specify any step therapy protocols beyond the hormone therapy durations noted for certain procedures.
- No additional step therapy requirements are listed in this excerpt.
Required documentation to establish surgical eligibility
For surgical eligibility, obtain and include a signed letter from a qualified mental health professional assessing readiness, documentation of marked and sustained gender dysphoria, exclusion of other causes of gender incongruence, assessment of mental and physical health and capacity to consent, and documentation of required duration of hormone therapy when specified.
- Signed mental health professional letter assessing readiness for physical treatment.
- Documentation demonstrating marked and sustained gender dysphoria and exclusion of other causes.
- Assessment of mental/physical health risks and confirmation of capacity to consent.
- Document required hormone therapy duration where specified for the requested procedure.
- Assess and document procedure-specific risk factors (e.g., breast cancer screening consideration).
Additional documentation (as requested)
Provide any additional documentation required to meet policy, legal, or regulatory requirements as requested by the plan; the policy's Documentation section directs providers to supply such details.
- Respond to plan requests for supplemental documentation to satisfy legal/regulatory or policy-specific requirements.
Coverage requires meeting Procedure qualifications
If a member fails to meet the qualifications listed in the Procedure section, coverage does not apply and authorization should not be approved.
- Confirm all Procedure-section qualifications before submitting authorization; lack of required criteria (age, duration of dysphoria, clinician involvement, physician affirmations, etc.) is a basis for noncoverage.
Cosmetic/repeat procedures may be denied
Procedures that are cosmetic or repeat interventions may be considered not medically necessary and may be denied—for example, more than one breast augmentation (excluding medically necessary replacement of implants) and certain reversals are listed as not medically necessary.
- Do not expect coverage for multiple breast augmentations beyond replacement of implants unless implant replacement is medically necessary.
- Reversal of genital surgery or revision of secondary sex characteristics is listed among examples of excluded/cosmetic services, unless reversal meets the noted criteria for medical necessity.
Background and Context
Gender dysphoria is defined as distress or discomfort resulting from a discrepancy between a person’s gender identity and the sex assigned at birth. Gender‑affirming medical and surgical processes—including hormone therapy, reconstructive surgeries, and ancillary treatments—are used to treat gender dysphoria when medically indicated.
Key Definitions
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