Orthognathic Surgery Clinical Coverage Criteria
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Clinical coverage criteria for orthognathic surgery (surgical correction of mandibular and/or maxillary skeletal abnormalities) including applicability to Fallon Health products and Medicare/Community Care variations; affects providers seeking prior authorization for members.
Effective for dates of service on and after September 1, 2025, Fallon Health will use InterQual® Criteria when making medical necessity determinations for orthognathic surgery for Medicare and Community Care members.
Coverage Criteria for Orthognathic Surgery
Medical necessity (InterQual-based) for Orthognathic Surgery
Coverage determinations for Medicare and Community Care members will follow InterQual® criteria; clinical indications include congenital or acquired skeletal deformities with functional impairment and measurable discrepancies.
Primary coverage logic
- Clinical indications: Congenital anomalies (e.g., cleft lip/palate, craniofacial syndromes), dentofacial deformities, acquired anomalies (e.g., trauma, tumors), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders causing skeletal malocclusion.see InterQual® and AAOMS guidance
Non-surgical therapies should be attempted where indicated (per AAOMS); some indications (OSA, TMJ) may have separate or additional policy references.
The following procedures are excluded from coverage under this policy: procedures performed for the purposes of dentures or dental implants, and procedures to treat malocclusions that can be managed by standard dental care or orthodontics. Also excluded is orthognathic surgery performed primarily for cosmetic purposes or to reshape/enhance unaesthetic facial features, including isolated chin procedures (mentoplasty/genial osteotomies/ostectomies) when done solely for aesthetic indications. Surgery to correct speech distortions (for example, within the sibilant sound class or hyper‑/hypo‑nasal speech) without documented functional impairment is not covered.
Coverage of services described in this policy varies by product and employer group. Not all services mentioned in this policy are covered for all Fallon Health products; actual coverage depends on the member’s benefit plan and Evidence of Coverage. If there is a conflict between this clinical policy and a member’s benefit plan, the benefit plan provisions govern. Applicable state or federal mandates may alter coverage for certain fully insured or non‑ERISA plans.
Orthognathic procedures performed solely for cosmetic reasons are not medically necessary and are excluded. This includes isolated aesthetic chin surgeries and any orthognathic intervention intended only to improve appearance without evidence of functional impairment; procedures that address conditions manageable by dental or orthodontic treatment are likewise not covered.
Coding and Clinical Thresholds
| 21025 | Excision of bone (eg, for osteomyelitis or bone abscess); mandible. |
| 21045 | Excision of malignant tumor of mandible; radical resection. |
| 21049 | Excision of benign tumor or cyst of maxilla, requiring extra-oral osteotomy and partial maxillectomy. |
| 31225 | Maxillectomy; without orbital exenteration. |
| 31230 | Maxillectomy; with orbital exenteration (en bloc). |
| 61581 | Craniofacial approach to anterior cranial fossa; extradural, including lateral rhinotomy, orbital exenteration, ethmoidectomy, sphenoidotomy and/or maxillectomy. |
| 21050 | Condylectomy, temporomandibular joint (separate procedure). |
| 21060 | Discectomy, Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ). |
| 21299 | Unlisted craniofacial and maxillofacial procedure. |
| 21208 | Osteoplasty, facial bones; augmentation (autograft, allograft, or prosthetic implant). |
| 21210 | Graft, bone; nasal, maxillary or malar areas (includes obtaining graft). |
| 21348 | Open treatment on nasomaxillary complex fracture (LeFort II type); with bone grafting (includes obtaining graft). |
| 21125 | Augmentation, mandibular body or angle; prosthetic material. |
| 21127 | Augmentation, mandibular body or angle; with bone graft, onlay or interpositional (includes obtaining autograft). |
| 21194 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, horizontal, vertical, C or L osteotomy, without bone graft. |
| 21196 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, and/or body, sagittal split; with internal rigid fixation. |
| 21215 | Graft, bone; mandible (includes obtaining graft). |
| 21244 | Reconstruction of mandible, extraoral, with transosteal bone plate (e.g., mandibular staple bone plate). |
| 21245 | Reconstruction of mandible or maxilla, subperiosteal implant; partial. |
| 21141 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; single piece, segment movement in any direction (without bone graft). |
| 21142 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; 2 pieces, segment movement in any direction (without bone graft). |
| 21143 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; 3 or more pieces, segment movement in any direction (without bone graft). |
| 21146 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; single piece, segment movement in any direction, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts). |
| 21147 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; 2 pieces, segment movement in any direction, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts). |
| 21150 | Osteotomy, LeFort II and III (reconstruction midface, LeFort II; anterior intrusion). |
| 21151 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort II; any direction, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts). |
| 21154 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts). |
| 21141 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; single piece, segment movement in any direction |
| 21142 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; 2 pieces, segment movement in any direction |
| 21143 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; 3 or more pieces, segment movement in any direction |
| 21146 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; single piece, segment movement in any direction, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21147 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; 2 pieces, segment movement in any direction, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21150 | Osteotomy, LeFort II and III |
| 21151 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort II; anterior intrusion |
| 21154 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts |
| 21155 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts; with LeFort I |
| 21159 | Reconstruction midface forehead advance; LeFort III with forehead advancement, requiring bone grafts |
Provider Requirements and Authorization Process
Obtain prior authorization; InterQual® applied for Medicare & Community Care
Prior authorization is required for orthognathic surgery. For Medicare and Community Care members, Fallon Health will apply the InterQual® CP Procedures listed in the policy (Orthognathic Surgery and related CP Procedures) when making medical necessity determinations, effective for dates of service on and after September 1, 2025.
- Obtain prior authorization per the member's product rules before scheduling orthognathic procedures.
- For Medicare and Community Care members, ensure the request is reviewed against the InterQual® CP Procedures in effect on the date of service.
Follow product- and program-specific authorization rules
Follow the authorization rules specific to the member's product: Medicare Advantage, MassHealth, NaviCare, PACE and other Fallon products have program-specific requirements and hierarchy for coverage determinations.
- For Medicare Advantage and NaviCare members, comply with applicable CMS NCDs and LCDs first; when those do not establish criteria, follow InterQual® or MassHealth guidance as specified.
- For MassHealth members, Fallon generally follows MassHealth Medical Necessity Guidelines where applicable.
- For PACE members, obtain authorization through the member's Interdisciplinary Team as required.
Attempt and document non-surgical therapies when indicated
Prior to performing orthognathic surgery for TMJ-related symptoms or suspected airway dysfunction, document that appropriate non-surgical therapies were attempted when indicated per AAOMS guidance.
- Document types of non-surgical therapies attempted (e.g., occlusal therapies, conservative TMJ treatments, airway evaluation and non-surgical management).
- Ensure non-surgical treatment attempts are reflected in the clinical record submitted with the authorization request.
Document how the case meets InterQual® criteria and submit supporting records
Include detailed clinical documentation showing how the member's case meets the applicable InterQual® CP Procedure criteria (as in effect on the date of service); submit supporting records and objective measurements referenced by InterQual® and the policy.
- Reference the specific InterQual® CP Procedure used for the decision (e.g., Orthognathic Surgery, Pediatric Orthognathic Surgery, Bone Augmentation modules).
- Provide supporting clinical documentation: history, exam findings, imaging, measured AP/vertical/transverse/asymmetry thresholds, and prior conservative treatments.
Comply with CMS NCDs/LCDs and program statutes; follow MassHealth guidance where applicable
For Medicare Advantage members, follow CMS national and local coverage determinations and applicable statutes/regulations when making medical necessity requests; for MassHealth members, Fallon generally follows MassHealth Medical Necessity Guidelines where applicable.
- When CMS NCDs/LCDs do not fully establish criteria, Fallon may apply InterQual® or create internal criteria as permitted under applicable regulations.
- For NaviCare members, follow CMS NCDs/LCDs first; if criteria are not met or absent, follow MassHealth guidelines per the policy instructions.
Avoid requesting coverage for excluded/cosmetic indications — risk of denial
Do not submit authorization requests for procedures that are primarily cosmetic, intended for dentures or dental implants, or intended to correct malocclusions manageable by standard dental or orthodontic care; such requests are subject to denial.
- If the clinical indication is cosmetic or for isolated mentoplasty/genial procedures, note that these are excluded and will risk denial.
- Ensure the clinical record demonstrates functional impairment and medical necessity rather than cosmetic intent.
Confirm member-specific benefit coverage and EOC — some services may be excluded by plan
Ensure the authorization request and documentation also address product-specific coverage limitations: services noted in this policy may not be covered for all products or employer groups and coverage is determined by the member's benefit plan and Evidence of Coverage.
- Confirm the member's specific plan benefits and Evidence of Coverage for exclusions or benefit limits prior to relying solely on medical necessity determinations.
- If there is any discrepancy between this policy and the member's benefit plan, the benefit plan provisions govern.
Background
Orthognathic surgery is the surgical correction of skeletal abnormalities of the mandible, maxilla, or both, intended to restore or improve function when dental or orthodontic treatment alone is insufficient. Indications include congenital or acquired dentofacial deformities (eg, cleft lip/palate, craniofacial syndromes), traumatic or tumor‑related defects, obstructive sleep apnea, and temporomandibular joint disorders that produce skeletal malocclusion. For Medicare and Community Care members, Fallon Health will apply InterQual® CP Procedures for orthognathic and related TMJ modules when determining medical necessity.
Definitions and Thresholds
References and Revision History
Material policy change effective September 1, 2025: Fallon Health will use the specified InterQual® CP Procedures (Orthognathic Surgery and related TMJ/augmentation modules) to make medical necessity determinations for orthognathic surgery for Medicare and Community Care members. Providers must document how the case meets the applicable InterQual® criteria for the date of service when requesting authorization.
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