Orthognathic Surgery
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This policy governs medical necessity and prior authorization for orthognathic (maxilla/mandible) surgical procedures for Medicare Advantage and Commercial products of Blue Cross Blue Shield - Rhode Island.
Effective 7/1/2026, the medical criteria in this policy will no longer be in use and providers should refer to the Prior Authorization of Services, Treatments or Procedures online authorization tool for the medical criteria sources for the codes in the Coding Section.
Coverage Criteria
Medical necessity (delegated to online tool)
Covered when the online authorization tool criteria are met.
Refer to the Prior Authorization of Services, Treatments or Procedures online authorization tool for the specific clinical criteria; effective 07/01/2026 medical criteria are provided only in the online tool.
Procedural code descriptions
Procedural code descriptions and CPT descriptor text as listed in the Coding Section.
Descriptions derived from the Coding Section.
Coverage criteria (not present in excerpt)
No explicit coverage decision logic appears in these chunks; the excerpt contains procedural descriptors and references to bone graft/autograft inclusion.
Providers must use the online authorization tool for participating providers to meet medical criteria and prior authorization requirements.
Coding listing only
Coding listing only — full set of CPT procedure codes and short descriptors as presented in the policy Coding Section.
Benefits and coverage for orthognathic procedures can vary by group and contract. Providers should verify member-specific benefits against the member's Evidence of Coverage, Subscriber Agreement, or Member Certificate before scheduling or billing for services.
Effective 07/01/2026, the medical criteria for the CPT codes listed in the Coding section are provided through the payer's online prior authorization tool for participating providers; that tool is the source of medical necessity criteria and prior authorization requirements.
For Medicare Advantage products, prior authorization is required; for Commercial products it is recommended. Failure to obtain required prior authorization via the online tool for Medicare Advantage plans may result in denial or nonpayment.
The document excerpt in this section contains repeated CPT procedure descriptors for midface reconstruction (LeFort types), osteotomies and associated bone grafting procedures. No explicit coverage exclusions are listed in these passages.
Procedure descriptors repeatedly note inclusion of bone grafting and obtaining autografts as part of certain LeFort III and other midface reconstruction codes (for example, CPT codes that reference requiring bone grafts and include obtaining autografts).
Because this portion of the policy is primarily a procedural code listing and description, there are no discrete exclusion statements present in these chunks.
This excerpt continues to list procedural CPT descriptors for midface reconstruction and mandibular rami procedures; no explicit coverage exclusions are stated here.
CPT descriptors in these chunks reference osteotomies other than LeFort type, reconstruction midface codes, and mandibular rami osteotomies with and without bone grafting — including notation that some codes 'include obtaining autografts.'
Because explicit coverage criteria are not provided in these chunks, providers should rely on the online authorization tool and member-specific benefit verification for coverage determinations.
No explicit exclusions are stated in the procedural code listings in these passages. The text enumerates CPT codes for reconstruction of the mandibular rami (with and without bone graft) and midface osteotomies, but does not present exclusion language.
Several CPT codes are listed repeatedly across these chunks (for example, codes for mandibular rami reconstruction such as 21193–21196 and midface reconstruction codes including 21155, 21159, 21160, 21188), with notes regarding inclusion of bone grafting/autograft harvesting.
When coverage decisions hinge on clinical indications, use the online authorization tool for participating providers and verify member benefits with the payer, as this excerpt contains procedural descriptions only.
The following CPT procedure descriptions appear throughout this section (codes listed here are drawn directly from the policy text): 21141, 21142, 21143, 21145, 21146, 21147, 21150, 21151, 21154, 21155, 21159, 21160, 21188, 21193, 21194, 21195, 21196, and related orthognathic procedure codes.
Many of the listed CPT descriptors explicitly state whether bone grafting (including obtaining autografts) is included as part of the procedure (for example, several LeFort III and midface reconstruction codes are described as 'requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts)').
This segment of the policy primarily provides procedural code listings and their CPT descriptions; it does not contain discrete medical necessity decision logic or coverage rules for these codes.
No explicit exclusions are provided in the text excerpts shown. The content repeats CPT code descriptors for LeFort I/III midface reconstruction, osteotomies, and mandibular rami procedures but does not list specific services or circumstances that are excluded from coverage.
Because the provided text contains procedural descriptions without exclusion language, providers should consult the member's benefit documents and the payer's online prior authorization tool (for applicable medical criteria) when determining coverage.
The procedural code listings in these chunks do not include explicit exclusions. They describe reconstruction midface procedures and mandibular rami osteotomies, some noted with and without bone grafting, but do not state 'not covered' or excluded services in the provided excerpts.
Providers should ensure complete operative documentation when billing these codes, and verify authorization and member benefits prior to providing services.
The text excerpts do not list explicit coverage exclusions. However, overall coverage and payment remain subject to the member's subscriber agreement, member certificate, and employer agreement; this medical policy is informational and is not a guarantee of payment.
For member-specific benefit determinations and eligibility questions, providers should contact the provider call center. If a service is determined to be not medically necessary or a non-covered benefit, the provider may not bill the member unless the member was informed and agreed in writing in advance.
No explicit 'not medically necessary' statements are present in these code-listing excerpts. The provided text contains only CPT procedure descriptors and notes about bone grafting/autografts; it does not present determinations of medical necessity or 'not medically necessary' language.
Medical necessity determinations for the listed CPT codes are delegated to the payer's online authorization tool for participating providers beginning 07/01/2026. Providers should use that tool and the member's benefit documents to determine whether a planned procedure meets medical necessity criteria.
These excerpts do not state any explicit 'not medically necessary' conditions. They repeat CPT descriptors for LeFort and other midface reconstruction and mandibular procedures, including whether bone grafts/autografts are included, but do not present negative coverage rulings in the provided text.
Absent explicit criteria in this segment, providers should follow the online authorization tool for clinical criteria and ensure adequate operative documentation is available to support medical necessity.
No statements declaring services 'not medically necessary' are present within these chunks. The content is descriptive of procedural CPT codes (with and without bone grafts) and does not provide negative determinations.
For coverage decisions, refer to the online authorization tool and confirm member benefits; incomplete documentation linking the procedure to medically necessary indications may increase the risk of claim denial.
The code listing excerpts do not contain explicit 'not medically necessary' language. They list mandibular rami and midface reconstruction CPT descriptors and note inclusion of bone grafts/autografts where applicable.
Because this section lacks medical necessity rules, providers should rely on the payer's online prior authorization tool and the member's benefit documents for coverage decisions.
No explicit 'not medically necessary' statements are included in the provided code-descriptor text. The excerpts repeat CPT procedure descriptions and mention bone graft inclusion but do not articulate noncoverage determinations.
If a service is ultimately determined to be not medically necessary or non-covered, the policy and related payer instructions indicate the provider may not bill the member unless prior written consent was obtained.
This policy excerpt is informational; coverage and payment are subject to the member's subscriber agreement, member certificate, and employer agreement. The policy does not guarantee payment.
Effective 07/01/2026, the medical necessity criteria for the CPT codes listed in the Coding section will be provided through the payer's online Prior Authorization of Services, Treatments or Procedures tool for participating providers. Providers must use the online authorization tool to submit prior authorization requests and meet the medical criteria.
If services are determined to be not medically necessary or are non-covered benefits, the provider may not bill the member unless the member was informed and agreed in writing in advance; contact the provider call center for member-specific benefit questions.
Coding and CPT Codes
| 21141 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; single piece, segment movement in any direction (e.g., for Long Face Syndrome), without bone graft |
| 21142 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; 2 pieces, segment movement in any direction, without bone graft |
| 21143 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; 3 or more pieces, segment movement in any direction, without bone graft |
| 21145 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; single piece, segment movement in any direction, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21146 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; 2 pieces, segment movement in any direction, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) (e.g., ungrafted unilateral alveolar cleft) |
| 21147 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort I; 3 or more pieces, segment movement in any direction, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) (e.g., ungrafted bilateral alveolar cleft or multiple osteotomies) |
| 21150 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort II; anterior intrusion (e.g., Treacher-Collins Syndrome) |
| 21151 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort II; any direction, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21154 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); without LeFort I |
| 21155 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); with LeFort I |
| 21159 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); without LeFort I |
| 21154 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); without LeFort I |
| 21155 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); with LeFort I |
| 21159 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); without LeFort I |
| 21160 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); with LeFort I |
| 21155 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); with LeFort I |
| 21159 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); without LeFort I |
| 21160 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); with LeFort I |
| 21188 | Reconstruction midface, osteotomies (other than LeFort type) and bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21155 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21159 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21160 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); without LeFort I |
| 21188 | Reconstruction midface, osteotomies (other than LeFort type) and bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21193 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, horizontal, vertical, C, or L osteotomy; without bone graft |
| 21155 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extracranial), any type, requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); with LeFort I |
| 21159 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); without LeFort I |
| 21160 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); with LeFort I |
| 21188 | Reconstruction midface, osteotomies (other than LeFort type) and bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21193 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, horizontal, vertical, C, or L osteotomy; without bone graft |
| 21194 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, horizontal, vertical, C, or L osteotomy; with bone graft (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21159 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); without LeFort I |
| 21160 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); with LeFort I |
| 21188 | Reconstruction midface, osteotomies (other than LeFort type) and bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21193 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, horizontal, vertical, C, or L osteotomy; without bone graft |
| 21194 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, horizontal, vertical, C, or L osteotomy; with bone graft (includes obtaining graft/autografts) |
| 21159 | Reconstruction midface, osteotomies and bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) — (exact phrasing varies in text) |
| 21160 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); without LeFort I |
| 21188 | Reconstruction midface, LeFort III (extra and intracranial) with forehead advancement (e.g., mono bloc), requiring bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts); with LeFort I |
| 21193 | Reconstruction midface, osteotomies (other than LeFort type) and bone grafts (includes obtaining autografts) |
| 21194 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, horizontal, vertical, C, or L osteotomy; without bone graft |
| 21195 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami, horizontal, vertical, C, or L osteotomy; with bone graft (includes obtaining graft) |
| 21196 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami and/or body, sagittal split; without internal rigid fixation |
| 21160 | Reconstruction of mandibular rami and/or body, sagittal split; without internal rigid fixation (referenced) |
| 21188 | Procedural code referenced in conjunction with bone grafts/LeFort I (document lists but context fragmented) |
| 21193 | Procedural code referenced in sequence (document fragmented) |
| 21194 | Procedural code referenced in sequence (document fragmented) |
| 21195 | Procedural code referenced in sequence (document fragmented) |
| 21196 | Procedural code referenced in sequence (document fragmented) |
| 21198 | Procedural code referenced in sequence (document fragmented) |
Provider Actions and Prior Authorization
Obtain prior authorization via online tool
Prior authorization is required for Medicare Advantage Plans and recommended for Commercial Products; use the payer’s online authorization tool (effective 7/1/2026 the online tool contains the medical criteria sources for codes in the Coding Section).
- Medicare Advantage: prior authorization required via the online tool.
- Commercial Products: prior authorization recommended via the online tool.
- Effective 7/1/2026: medical criteria moved to the Prior Authorization online tool.
Include LeFort III CPT codes when requesting authorization
The policy references LeFort III reconstruction CPTs used for midface reconstruction that include bone grafting and autograft harvest; list of relevant CPTs is provided in the Coding section and should be included in authorization submissions.
Reference listed procedure CPTs on submissions
This section lists CPT procedure codes for midface reconstruction and related osteotomies; providers must reference these CPTs in claims and authorization requests even though explicit authorization rules are not stated in these chunks.
Use exact CPT for LeFort types and mandibular rami osteotomies
The document lists CPTs for LeFort types and mandibular rami osteotomy (with and without bone graft); include the specific CPT code(s) that match the operative procedure in any authorization or claim.
Confirm authorization requirements under related prior authorization policy
Prior authorization for orthognathic reconstruction codes is referenced for Medicare Advantage and Commercial Products; consult and comply with the Prior Authorization of Services, Treatments or Procedures policy and use the online tool.
- Policy states prior authorization is referenced for reconstruction midface and mandibular rami codes under Medicare Advantage and Commercial Products.
- Related internal policy 'Prior Authorization of Services, Treatments or Procedures' applies — consult it as needed.
Consult online tool and prior authorization policy for authoritative instructions
Failure to find explicit authorization or denial instructions in these chunks indicates the provider must consult the online authorization tool and related prior authorization policy for authoritative instructions rather than relying on the CPT listings in this excerpt.
- The excerpts repeat CPT descriptors without authorization/denial instructions.
- Consult the Prior Authorization of Services, Treatments or Procedures policy and the online tool for authoritative instructions.
Do not assume per-code authorization rules from this CPT list alone
This excerpt lists numerous CPT procedure codes but does not explicitly state prior authorization requirements for each listed code; providers must rely on the online authorization tool and related prior authorization policy for definitive requirements.
- The policy text enumerates CPTs (e.g., 21159–21196) but in these chunks does not declare per-code authorization rules.
- Use the online tool to determine whether a specific CPT requires prior authorization.
Follow the related Prior Authorization policy and online tool
The related policy 'Prior Authorization of Services, Treatments or Procedures' applies to these services; if the online tool shows authorization is required, obtain authorization before providing services to Medicare Advantage members.
- Providers should consult the Prior Authorization of Services, Treatments or Procedures policy for applicability.
- For Medicare Advantage members, failure to obtain required authorization may result in denial or nonpayment.
Submit authorization requests via the online authorization tool
Participating providers must use the payer’s online authorization tool to meet medical criteria and prior authorization requirements; submit requests through that tool rather than relying on the document text.
- Online tool is the source of medical criteria effective 7/1/2026.
- Use the participating provider online authorization workflow for submissions.
Document autograft harvesting when performed
Procedure descriptions explicitly state that LeFort III reconstruction may include obtaining autografts for bone grafting; document and support autograft harvesting in operative reports when relevant to CPTs that include autograft language.
No additional submission form specified in this excerpt
No specific documentation submission requirements or forms are specified in the provided text; however, authorization and coverage decisions rely on the online tool and related policies rather than additional document-specific submission instructions.
- Chunks do not provide explicit supporting-document checklists or submission forms.
- Rely on the online authorization tool and related prior authorization policy for documentation guidance.
Match operative details to CPT descriptors on submissions
The policy lists procedure/CPT descriptors and operative contexts (LeFort I/III, forehead advancement, mandibular rami osteotomy); when seeking authorization or filing claims, include operative details that map the procedure performed to the CPT descriptor.
- CPT descriptors include context such as “with forehead advancement (mono bloc)” and “with or without LeFort I.”
- Include operative details (e.g., whether forehead advancement or bone grafting occurred) in the submission.
Include operative details that justify reconstruction and bone graft CPTs
Operative documentation should include details that justify use of reconstruction and bone graft CPT codes (for example: whether LeFort III was performed, whether LeFort I was combined, forehead advancement (mono bloc), and whether autografts were obtained).
- Record whether the procedure was LeFort I, LeFort III (extracranial or extra/intracranial), or other midface osteotomy.
- Document if forehead advancement (mono bloc) was performed and whether bone grafting or autograft harvest occurred to support CPTs that include those elements.
Retain complete operative records; use online tool to verify required documentation
The excerpt does not include explicit documentation requirements for authorization; providers should use the online authorization tool for criteria and retain detailed operative notes to support coding and medical necessity determinations.
- Chunks explicitly lack stated documentation requirements — retain full operative reports.
- Use the online tool to determine what documentation is required for authorization decisions.
Verify eligibility and benefits with provider call center
Verify member-specific eligibility and benefits before scheduling procedures by contacting the provider call center; benefits and coverage are determined by the member’s subscriber agreement or employer agreement.
- Contact the provider call center for member-specific benefits and coverage decisions.
- Benefits are determined by the member’s subscriber agreement, member certificate, or employer agreement and may vary by contract.
Prior authorization failure may lead to denial/nonpayment
Failure to obtain prior authorization via the online tool when required for Medicare Advantage members may lead to denial or nonpayment; obtain required authorization before providing services to Medicare Advantage members.
- The policy states prior authorization is required for Medicare Advantage and that failure to obtain it may result in denial or nonpayment.
- Obtain authorization in advance for Medicare Advantage patients as indicated by the online tool.
No explicit per-code authorization/denial rules in CPT listings
The chunks do not list explicit authorization or denial triggers within the CPT listings; absence of per-code rules in these excerpts means rely on the online authorization tool for authorization triggers and denial criteria.
- These sections primarily enumerate CPTs and procedural descriptors and do not provide explicit per-code authorization or denial rules.
- Use the online authorization tool (and related policy) to identify authorization triggers and denial criteria.
Risk of denial for incomplete documentation linking CPTs to indications
Absent complete documentation linking the billed CPTs to medically necessary indications (as determined by the online tool or other policy sections), claims billed using the listed CPT codes may be denied; ensure clinical indications and operative details are documented.
- The policy warns claims may be denied if documentation does not link procedures to medically necessary indications.
- Provide thorough clinical indication documentation and operative details to support medical necessity for listed CPTs.
Member billing risk — obtain written consent before billing member for non‑covered services
If services are determined to be not medically necessary or otherwise non‑covered, providers may not bill members unless prior written consent has been obtained; confirm coverage and obtain written consent if member will be financially responsible.
- Policy states providers may not charge the member for services determined to not be medically necessary unless the member agreed in writing in advance.
- Obtain and document prior written consent if the member will accept financial responsibility for non-covered services.
Background
Orthognathic surgery refers to surgical correction of abnormalities of the maxilla and/or mandible. The policy indicates that medical necessity criteria for the listed orthognathic CPT codes will be provided through the payer's online prior authorization tool beginning 07/01/2026, and participating providers must follow that tool for medical-criteria-based authorization decisions.
Definitions
Revision History
Effective 7/1/2026 the medical criteria previously in this policy are no longer used; providers must refer to the Prior Authorization online authorization tool for medical criteria for codes listed in the Coding section.
Policy last reviewed on 05/01/2026 per document metadata.
Provider updates (published across 2022–2026) recorded in the policy header indicating ongoing updates to provider-facing guidance.
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