Hepatitis B Vaccine
Defines Aetna's medical necessity, indications, booster/ revaccination, limitations, and coding guidance for hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine per CDC/ACIP recommendations for enrolled members.
No material clinical or coverage changes in this revision.
Coverage Criteria for Hepatitis B Vaccine
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (perinatal prophylaxis)
Covered when ALL of the following are implemented to prevent mother-to-child transmission (perinatal prophylaxis) in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers:
ALL of the following
- Identify pregnant women who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive during pregnancy (screening of all pregnant women).
- Administer hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine to the newborn within 12 hours of birth.
- Complete the HepB vaccine series for the infant per recommended schedule (to achieve primary series completion).
- Perform follow-up testing of the infant as recommended (HBsAg and anti-HBs testing 1–2 months after completion of the vaccine series).
- Provide additional maternal/infant management when indicated by maternal viral markers or high maternal HBV DNA (e.g., consideration of maternal antiviral therapy in pregnancy per current clinical guidelines)
Operational: antiviral therapy decisions occur per treating clinician and current obstetric/infectious disease guidance; documentation of counseling and interventions should be maintained.
Evidence of enhanced prophylaxis when indicated
- For infants of HBeAg-positive mothers or mothers with high HBV DNA, combined HBIG plus vaccine is associated with lower rates of infant HBsAg and HBV-DNA positivity compared with placebo or vaccine alone (RCT evidence summarized in systematic review/meta-analysis).
- Timely administration (within 12 hours) of HBIG plus vaccine is emphasized for maximal prevention of transmission.
Coding and Key Clinical Thresholds
| 90636 | Hepatitis B vaccine, pediatric/adolescent dosage |
| 90739 | Hepatitis B vaccine, adult dosage (1 dose) |
| 90740 | Hepatitis B and hepatitis A vaccine combination |
| 90743 | Hepatitis B vaccine, dialysis patient dosage |
| 90744 | Hepatitis B vaccine, high-risk or other formulations |
| 90747 | Hepatitis B vaccine, recombinant, adult dosage, 3 dose schedule |
| 90748 | Hepatitis B vaccine, combined formulations or alternative schedule |
| G0010 | Administration of hepatitis B vaccine (for facility-based administration) |
| A50.01 | Congenital syphilis, early |
| A64 | Unspecified sexually transmitted infection |
| B17.10 | Acute hepatitis C without hepatic coma |
| B17.11 | Acute hepatitis C with hepatic coma |
| B18.2 | Chronic viral hepatitis C |
| B19.20 | Unspecified viral hepatitis C without hepatic coma |
| B19.21 | Unspecified viral hepatitis C with hepatic coma |
| B20 | Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease |
| B97.35 | HIV-2 as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere |
| D65 | Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
Provider Actions, Documentation, and Billing Notes
Code only when selection criteria are met
Code vaccine and administration claims only when the patient's condition meets the policy's ACIP-based selection criteria; use the listed CPT vaccine codes (90636, 90739–90748) and HCPCS administration code (G0010) corresponding to the service rendered.
Use listed FDA‑approved HepB products; Heplisav‑B pregnancy note
Use FDA‑approved hepatitis B vaccine products listed in the policy when vaccinating; note that Heplisav‑B (HepB‑CpG) is approved for adults ≥18 years as a 2‑dose (1 month) series and has not been tested in pregnancy — use an alternate vaccine for pregnant patients.
- FDA‑approved single‑antigen vaccines: Engerix‑B, Recombivax HB
- Heplisav‑B: indicated for adults ≥18; 2‑dose schedule; safety not tested in pregnancy
- Other approved products: PreHevbrio, Pediarix, Twinrix, Vaxelis
No clinical prior authorization specified
No prior authorization requirements are specified in the clinical policy sections that define medical necessity and revaccination; providers should follow the clinical criteria described for coverage.
No explicit prior‑auth codes or requirements in this section
This policy section contains no explicit prior authorization codes or additional prior‑authorization requirements; submit claims with appropriate supporting documentation per policy criteria.
Revaccination guided by anti‑HBs <10 mIU/mL in specified groups
Revaccination/booster dosing decisions are guided by anti‑HBs levels (<10 mIU/mL) in specified populations (infants of HBsAg‑positive mothers, hemodialysis patients, other immunocompromised persons, and health care personnel) per CDC/ACIP guidance.
- Anti‑HBs threshold prompting revaccination: <10 mIU/mL
- Follow CDC/ACIP revaccination algorithms for each population described
Stepwise revaccination: booster then testing, then complete series if needed
For infants of HBsAg‑positive mothers and for health care personnel with anti‑HBs <10 mIU/mL, the policy describes giving a single additional (booster) dose, retesting in 1–2 months, and completing a second series if antibody remains <10 mIU/mL.
- Infants: single revaccination dose → retest 1–2 months; if still <10 mIU/mL give two additional doses or a second 3‑dose series and retest
- HCP: additional dose → retest 1–2 months; if still <10 mIU/mL complete second series (usually total 6 doses) and retest
No step therapy sequences required
No step therapy (sequenced medication/vaccine trial) requirements are described in the policy; revaccination decisions are based on antibody testing and population‑specific CDC recommendations rather than step sequences.
No step therapy requirements in this section
There are no step therapy requirements specified in this portion of the document; follow the testing‑based revaccination guidance instead.
Accept dated records; document anti‑HBs <10 mIU/mL to justify revaccination
Accept dated vaccination records as evidence of prior HepB vaccination; use documented anti‑HBs testing showing <10 mIU/mL to support need for revaccination in the specified groups.
- Providers should accept dated records as proof of prior HepB vaccination (Weng et al, 2022)
- Anti‑HBs <10 mIU/mL used to determine revaccination need per ACIP/Aetna policy
Record and antibody documentation required for revaccination decisions
Providers should accept dated immunization records as evidence of prior HepB vaccination; for selected populations, document anti‑HBs titers and note values <10 mIU/mL to guide revaccination decisions.
- Dated vaccination records constitute acceptable evidence
- Use anti‑HBs titers (<10 mIU/mL) to document lack of protective antibody when indicated
Document maternal HBsAg status and infant HBIG/HBV vaccine timing (≤12 hours)
For perinatal prophylaxis cases, document the mother's HBsAg status and the infant's receipt and timing of HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine — the policy specifies administration within 12 hours of birth per CDC guidance.
- Document maternal HBsAg test result
- Document administration of HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine to the newborn and that it occurred within 12 hours of birth
Use Aetna resources for plan‑specific documentation guidance
Refer to Aetna resources listed in the policy (glossary, mobile app, FAQs, program provisions and legal notices) for plan‑specific documentation and administrative guidance.
- Aetna Glossary and FAQs links
- Aetna Mobile App and Program Provisions/legal notices
Travel or work‑required immunizations generally not covered — verify contract
Vaccinations required solely for travel or because of work‑related risk are generally not covered under Aetna — verify member contract language, limitations, and exclusions before billing.
- Check member contract language for coverage of travel‑ or work‑required immunizations
Revaccination indicated only for specified groups; not for routinely vaccinated healthy persons
Revaccination is generally not recommended for persons with normal immune status who completed the primary series; revaccination is indicated only for specified groups such as infants of HBsAg‑positive mothers, HCP, and hemodialysis patients when anti‑HBs <10 mIU/mL.
- Booster doses for persons with normal immune status are considered not medically necessary
- Revaccination indicated for listed high‑risk groups when anti‑HBs <10 mIU/mL
Failure to provide timely perinatal prophylaxis risks rejection/denial
Failure to identify HBsAg‑positive pregnant women and not providing HBIG plus hepatitis B vaccine to the newborn within the recommended timing (within 12 hours of birth) could be inconsistent with CDC guidance and risk denial if plan requires adherence to standard preventive protocols.
Administrative disclaimer — not a contract or clinical authorization
This clinical policy bulletin does not constitute a contract and does not provide clinical authorization criteria; it contains an administrative disclaimer that it is a general description of benefits.
Background and Rationale
Pre-exposure immunization with hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective means to prevent HBV transmission. Universal childhood immunization and vaccination of high-risk adults are recommended by public health authorities. A complete primary series typically requires 3 doses, and newborns are recommended to receive the first dose within 24 hours of birth to reduce perinatal transmission risk.
Definitions and Key Terms
Revision History
Policy effective date established.
Policy last reviewed.
Next scheduled policy review date.
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