Pemetrexed (Alimta)
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Clinical policy defining Aetna's coverage, continuation, exclusions, dosing, and coding for pemetrexed (Alimta and alternatives) for commercial medical plans.
No material clinical or coverage changes in this revision.
Coverage Criteria
Initial Therapy
Covered when ANY of the following indications are met:
See exclusions for squamous NSCLC
Continuation Therapy
Initial therapy — malignant pleural mesothelioma
Covered when ALL of the following are met (standard mesothelioma regimen):
FDA‑approved regimen and dosing for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
Covered when ALL of the following are met (peritoneal mesothelioma / re-challenge context):
Evidence from case reports and small series; UpToDate notes pemetrexed+carboplatin may be preferred in palliative setting for less toxicity
Maintenance therapy — Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Maintenance pemetrexed is supported when ALL of the following are met:
Based on FDA approval and randomized trial evidence showing improved PFS and OS in non-squamous histology
First-line combination therapy — NSCLC
Pemetrexed in combination with platinum agents for NSCLC — considerations:
Phase III data; see prescribing information for dosing and administration
Mesothelioma (peritoneal) — investigational/limited evidence
Pemetrexed in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM):
Investigational/limited evidence; UpToDate and small series cited
Small-cell lung cancer — Not recommended
Small cell lung cancer:
Evidence shows worse OS, PFS, and response rates versus standard etoposide‑carboplatin
Thymic malignancies — Second-line option
Thymic malignancies:
Guideline‑based recommendation (NCCN)
Evidence-based coverage conclusions and required precautions
Clinical conclusions and implications drawn from cited studies:
Zhao et al. Bayesian NMA
Bagley et al. real‑world study
Fukuda et al.
Scagliotti et al.
Zhang et al.
Lester et al.
Prescribing information guidance
Use of pemetrexed for squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer (squamous NSCLC) is explicitly excluded and will not be covered by the plan.
Clinical compendia and guideline sources cited in the policy do not list pemetrexed as a recommended option for several tumor types; specifically, biliary tract cancer, head and neck cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma, and kidney cancer are not supported as standard indications in the referenced NCCN and UpToDate materials.
Pemetrexed combined with carboplatin was shown to be inferior to etoposide-carboplatin in a randomized phase III trial for previously untreated extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) with worse overall survival, progression-free survival, and response rates; therefore pemetrexed-carboplatin is not supported as standard first-line therapy for ES-SCLC.
The addition of nintedanib to pemetrexed‑cisplatin in unresectable epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma did not meet the phase‑III primary PFS end point (LUME‑Meso); no confirmed benefit was observed and higher rates of some adverse events were reported, so the combination is not supported.
Within the provided source excerpts there are no additional explicit coverage exclusions beyond those already stated in the policy text.
The policy considers pemetrexed experimental and investigational for multiple malignancies where effectiveness has not been established, including but not limited to acute leukemias, biliary cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, and others listed in the policy.
Testing for MTHFR polymorphisms to predict pemetrexed effectiveness or toxicity is considered experimental and investigational and is not supported by the policy (HCPCS code 81291 is listed as not covered for this purpose).
Guideline and review sources cited in the policy do not support routine use of pemetrexed for biliary tract cancer, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, or kidney cancer; these indications are not listed as recommended therapeutic options in the referenced NCCN and UpToDate materials.
For previously untreated extensive‑stage SCLC, pemetrexed‑carboplatin produced inferior outcomes (OS, PFS, and response rates) compared with etoposide‑carboplatin in randomized trials; consequently pemetrexed‑carboplatin is not supported in this setting.
A Bayesian network meta-analysis and supporting reviews conclude that routine addition of bevacizumab to pemetrexed‑platinum regimens is not justified because no consistent efficacy or tolerability advantages were demonstrated for Pem‑Pt + B versus Pem‑Pt.
In the excerpts provided there are no explicit statements labeled as 'not medically necessary' beyond the investigational/not‑recommended listings and exclusions already described elsewhere in the policy text.
Coding
| J9305 | Injection, pemetrexed, 10 mg. |
| J9294 | Injection, pemetrexed (hospira) not therapeutically equivalent to j9305, 10 mg. |
| J9296 | Injection, pemetrexed (accord) not therapeutically equivalent to j9305, 10 mg. |
| J9297 | Injection, pemetrexed (sandoz), not therapeutically equivalent to j9305, 10 mg. |
| J9314 | Injection, pemetrexed (teva) not therapeutically equivalent to J9305, 10 mg. |
| J9322 | Injection, pemetrexed (bluepoint) not therapeutically equivalent to j9305, 10 mg. |
| J9323 | Injection, pemetrexed ditromethamine, 10 mg. |
| J9324 | Injection, pemetrexed (pemrydi rtu), 10 mg. |
| J9035 | Injection, bevacizumab, 10 mg. |
| J9045 | Injection, carboplatin, 50 mg. |
| C33 - C34.92 | Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung [non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) only- not small cell lung cancer] [covered for non squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer only]. |
| C37 | Malignant neoplasm of thymus [thymic carcinoma]. |
| C38.4 | Malignant neoplasm of pleura. |
| C45.0 | Mesothelioma of pleura. |
| C45.1 | Mesothelioma of peritoneum [persistent or recurrent]. |
| C45.2 | Mesothelioma of pericardium. |
| C45.7 | Mesothelioma of other sites [tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma]. |
| C45.9 | Mesothelioma, unspecified. |
| C48.2 | Malignant neoplasm of peritoneum, unspecified [primary peritoneal cancer]. |
| C53.0 - C53.9 | Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri. |
| 81291 | MTHFR (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) (eg, hereditary hypercoagulability) gene analysis, common variants (eg, 677T, 1298C). |
| C15.3 - C15.9 | Malignant neoplasm of esophagus. |
| C16.0 - C16.9 | Malignant neoplasm of stomach [gastric]. |
| C18.0 - C20 | Malignant neoplasm of colon, rectosigmoid junction, and rectum [colorectal]. |
Provider Actions and Documentation
Prior Authorization Required
Prior authorization required for pemetrexed (J-code billed under commercial medical plans). Prior authorization should indicate the requested indication, regimen, and supporting documentation; pemetrexed is covered only for specified indications in this policy and is excluded for squamous NSCLC.
- Document indication (diagnosis code and stage)
- Submit prior regimen details and prior chemotherapy status where applicable
- Include planned regimen and dosing (e.g., pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 with cisplatin 75 mg/m2 for mesothelioma)
Mesothelioma Regimen — Prior Authorization Details
For pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma, prior authorization should reflect the standard mesothelioma regimen when applicable (for example, pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of each 21‑day cycle in combination with cisplatin 75 mg/m2 IV) and must document that pemetrexed will be used as single agent or in combination with platinum agents or with bevacizumab/durvalumab plus platinum as allowed by the policy.
- Specify whether single-agent or combination therapy is requested
- Include prior therapy status and intent (first-line, subsequent-line)
- Provide dosing schedule and supportive supplementation plan
Bevacizumab Add‑on Assessment
If bevacizumab is being requested as an add-on to a pemetrexed‑platinum regimen, include rationale and supporting evidence; routine addition of bevacizumab to pemetrexed‑platinum is not routinely supported by the evidence and should be justified in the prior authorization documentation.
- Provide clinical justification and references if requesting bevacizumab add‑on
- Include pertinent real‑world outcomes or patient-specific factors (e.g., presence of brain metastases, hemoptysis, anticoagulation)
Continuation of Therapy Requirements
Continuation of therapy requires documentation that the member has not experienced unacceptable toxicity and that the disease has not progressed on the current pemetrexed regimen; dose reductions or discontinuation due to toxicity must be documented.
- Document tumor response or stability and absence of progression
- Provide records of toxicities and any dose modifications with rationale
Baseline and Pre‑cycle Laboratory Thresholds
Baseline and pre‑cycle laboratory thresholds must be documented in the medical record prior to each cycle: ANC ≥ 1500 cells/mm3, platelet count ≥ 100,000 cells/mm3, and creatinine clearance ≥ 45 mL/min. Periodic renal and hepatic chemistries and CBC monitoring (including nadir and recovery where available) should be provided.
- Attach most recent CBC with differential and platelet count prior to dosing
- Provide creatinine clearance (or serum creatinine and weight for calculation) and liver chemistries
Supportive Care and Monitoring
Supportive care and monitoring documentation is expected: initiation and continuation of folic acid (400–1000 mcg daily starting 7 days before first dose and continued through treatment and 21 days after last dose), intramuscular vitamin B12 (1000 mcg IM within the week before first dose and every 9 weeks thereafter), and corticosteroid prophylaxis (dexamethasone as indicated). Monitor CBC, renal and hepatic function per prescribing information.
- Document initiation dates and ongoing supplementation schedule for folic acid and vitamin B12
- Include corticosteroid prophylaxis plan (eg, dexamethasone schedule)
- Provide recent laboratory monitoring results (CBC, chemistries)
Documentation of Diagnosis and Performance Status
Document histologic or cytologic confirmation of diagnosis, staging (eg, stage III/IV for NSCLC not amenable to curative therapy or mesothelioma stage), and ECOG performance status (preferably 0–2 where indicated). Include prior lines of chemotherapy and relevant prior treatment responses.
- Attach pathology report confirming histology/cytology
- Provide staging documentation and ECOG performance status assessment
- Include prior treatment history and dates
Reference Sources and Prescribing Information
Reference the prescribing information and key clinical guidelines or literature when supporting requests: Alimta (Eli Lilly) and other pemetrexed prescribing information, Pemfexy and Pemrydi RTU labeling, NCCN guidelines, FDA approvals, and relevant trials/reviews (eg, Vogelzang 2003 mesothelioma trial; maintenance pemetrexed NSCLC studies). Include citations in the PA submission as appropriate.
- Attach relevant prescribing information (Alimta, Pemfexy, Pemrydi RTU)
- Cite NCCN guideline sections or pivotal trials used to justify therapy
Other Provider Actions
No additional provider actions specified in these source chunks beyond the documentation, prior authorization, monitoring, and supportive care items above.
Covered Regimens and Dosing
inv-62: first-line
Dosing and renal threshold per labeled guidance
inv-63: first-line
FDA‑approved regimen for pleural mesothelioma
inv-64: salvage
Evidence from small trials and case reports/series
inv-65: first-line
Phase III data support use in non‑squamous histology
inv-66: second-line
FDA approval and randomized trial evidence
inv-67: first-line
Zhao et al.; Pem‑Pt + B not clearly superior
| Indication | Regimen / Dose & Schedule | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|
| Non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (first-line, maintenance, or recurrent non-squamous disease) | ||
| Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle; may be given as single agent or in combination with pembrolizumab and a platinum agent. Maintenance dosing continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Creatinine clearance ≥45 mL/min required. | ||
| Covered with criteria |
| Indication | Regimen / Dose & Schedule | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|
| Pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma (includes pleural mesothelioma as FDA‑approved indication) | ||
| Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle in combination with cisplatin; continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (Pemrydi RTU administered undiluted over 10 minutes.) | ||
| Covered with criteria |
| Indication | Regimen / Dose & Schedule | Supportive measures | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Malignant pleural mesothelioma (initial therapy) | |||
| Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle + cisplatin 75 mg/m2 IV on Day 1; regimens administered every 21 days. | |||
| Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation plus corticosteroid prophylaxis per prescribing information; dose reductions as needed for toxicity. | |||
| Covered with criteria (FDA‑approved regimen) |
| Indication | Regimen / Dose & Schedule | Evidence context / notes | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (systemic therapy; first-line or re‑challenge) | |||
| Pemetrexed with cisplatin (dose per mesothelioma regimens, e.g., pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV Day 1 + cisplatin 75 mg/m2 IV Day 1) or pemetrexed monotherapy in selected cases; use where performance status permits. | |||
| Evidence from case reports and small series supports activity and re‑challenge in select patients; UpToDate notes pemetrexed+carboplatin may be preferred in palliative setting for less toxicity. | |||
| Covered with criteria (limited evidence; patient selection required) |
| Indication | Regimen / Note | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|
| Head and neck cancer — initial treatment for recurrent/metastatic disease | ||
| Cisplatin + pemetrexed: UpToDate and NCCN do not recommend or list pemetrexed as an initial standard regimen for head and neck cancer; regimen not recommended as initial treatment. | ||
| Not covered (not recommended) |
| Indication | Regimen / Dose | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|
| Locally-advanced or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC — first-line in combination with cisplatin | ||
| Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 + cisplatin 75 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 every 21 days. | ||
| Covered with criteria |
| Indication | Regimen / Dose & Schedule | Supportive measures | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maintenance therapy for non-squamous NSCLC after induction chemotherapy | |||
| Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (after 4 cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy). | |||
| Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation and corticosteroid prophylaxis per labeling; dosing per FDA-approved maintenance regimen. | |||
| Covered with criteria |
| Indication | Regimen / Note | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|
| Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (first-line) | ||
| Pemetrexed-carboplatin has been studied (pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV Day 1 + carboplatin AUC 5) but was inferior to etoposide-carboplatin in phase III trials with worse OS and PFS. | ||
| Not covered (not recommended / inferior regimen) |
| Indication | Regimen / Note | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|
| Thymomas and thymic carcinomas — second-line systemic therapy | ||
| Pemetrexed, with or without prednisone, per NCCN recommendations as a second‑line systemic therapy option. | ||
| Covered with criteria (per NCCN guidance) |
| Indication | Regimen / Note | Evidence / Rationale | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Advanced non-squamous NSCLC — carboplatin/pemetrexed with or without bevacizumab | |||
| Carboplatin + pemetrexed ± bevacizumab (regimens vary; pemetrexed dosing commonly 500 mg/m2 IV Day 1 every 21 days). | |||
| Real-world retrospective data show an OS association favoring addition of bevacizumab (median OS 12.1 vs 8.6 months; HR 0.80) but randomized trial/NMA evidence is inconclusive; clinical judgment required. | |||
| Mixed / case-by-case coverage (clinical justification required) |
| Indication | Regimen / Note | Trial result | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unresectable epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma — investigational combination | |||
| Pemetrexed + cisplatin combined with nintedanib (nintedanib 200 mg twice daily on days 2–21 in trial) added to standard pemetrexed/cisplatin induction and maintenance in LUME-Meso. | |||
| Phase-III LUME-Meso did not meet the primary PFS endpoint (no PFS benefit) and showed increased certain adverse events. | |||
| Not covered / not supported (trial primary end-point not met) |
| Indication | Regimen / Required supportive care | Dose modification guidance | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pemetrexed monotherapy or pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy across covered indications | |||
| Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV Day 1 every 21 days with mandatory folic acid and intramuscular vitamin B12 supplementation and corticosteroid prophylaxis per prescribing information. | |||
| Dose reductions or discontinuation may be required based on toxicities from preceding cycle; follow prescribing information for adjustments. | |||
| Covered with criteria (supplementation and monitoring required) |
| Indication / Trial context | Regimens studied / examples | Coverage stance |
|---|---|---|
| Various malignancies included in clinical trials and references cited | ||
| Multiple pemetrexed-containing regimens studied in trials (examples: pemetrexed + cisplatin; pemetrexed + carboplatin; pemetrexed + carboplatin + bevacizumab; pemetrexed + cisplatin + nintedanib; maintenance pemetrexed), as referenced in the literature list. | ||
| Informational / trial-based — coverage determined by specific indication and criteria |
Biomarker Requirements
Definitions and Prescribing Notes
Pemetrexed (Alimta) is a multitargeted antifolate approved by the FDA for non‑squamous non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and for use in combination with cisplatin for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma; it is also used compendially for a variety of other malignancies. Labeling and the policy require folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation and corticosteroid prophylaxis to reduce toxicity, and dosing commonly cited is 500 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of each 21‑day cycle.
Line of Therapy Mapping
inv-62: first-line
Per dosing and administration guidance
inv-63: first-line
FDA‑approved regimen
inv-64: salvage
Evidence limited to small trials and case reports
inv-65: first-line
Phase III data
inv-66: second-line
FDA approval and pivotal trial evidence
inv-67: first-line
Zhao et al.; Bagley real‑world findings require cautious interpretation
Revision History
Policy was last reviewed on 02/20/2024.
Policy became effective on 07/16/2004.
Next scheduled policy review is 09/26/2024.
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