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    OpenPayerBilling CodesMalnutritionICD-10-CM e40-kwashiorkor
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    ICD-10-CM Code For Kwashiorkor: Group Overview

    The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) code group E40 includes kwashiorkor, a severe protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, wasting, and associated complications such as skin lesions and hepatic changes. These ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes are used to document clinical scenarios involving severe nutritional deficiency, organ system effects, and the clinical complexity of malnutrition syndromes. Accurate coding within the ICD-10-CM E40 group supports proper claim adjudication, complete clinical documentation, and appropriate reimbursement.

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    ICD-10-CM E40: Kwashiorkor Overview

    The ICD-10-CM E40 group represents kwashiorkor, a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition that primarily affects children and can involve generalized edema, skin changes, and hepatic steatosis. These diagnoses target nutritional disorders and their systemic effects, including growth failure and immune compromise. Accurate coding matters for reimbursement because it captures disease severity and the need for specialized nutritional interventions and inpatient care.

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    When to Use

    Assign a code from this group when documentation supports a diagnosis of kwashiorkor with clinical signs such as generalized edema, skin and hair changes, or hepatic enlargement. Use these codes to reflect the severity of protein-energy malnutrition when it is the primary clinical concern or significantly affects care plans.

    ICD-10-CM Codes

    1 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    E40Kwashiorkor

    DRG Codes

    2 rows

    DRG CodeDescription
    640Miscellaneous Disorders of Nutrition, Metabolism, Fluids and Electrolytes with MCC
    641Miscellaneous Disorders of Nutrition, Metabolism, Fluids and Electrolytes without MCC

    Typical Clinical Scenarios

    • A 2-year-old child in a resource-limited setting presents to an emergency clinic with generalized pitting edema, thinning hair, skin changes, and lethargy after several weeks of inadequate protein intake following displacement from home; caretakers report decreased appetite and recent infections. The clinical team documents severe protein-energy malnutrition with characteristic edematous appearance and assigns a diagnosis from this group to reflect kwashiorkor as the primary nutritional disorder requiring nutritional rehabilitation and monitoring. Typical codes: E40
    • A 6-month-old infant with failure to thrive is referred to a pediatric nutrition clinic due to progressive swelling of the feet and abdomen, hypoalbuminemia on laboratory testing, and a history of prolonged breastfeeding without adequate complementary feeding. Outpatient assessment attributes the presentation to severe protein deficiency manifesting as edematous malnutrition, and a code from this group is used to classify the underlying malnutrition driving the growth and developmental concerns. Typical codes: E40
    • An adult with chronic alcoholism and recent gastrointestinal illness is admitted for management of altered mental status and pronounced peripheral edema; hospital evaluation finds signs of severe protein-calorie deficiency with low serum albumin and clinical features consistent with edematous malnutrition secondary to inadequate dietary protein. Because the primary clinical problem is the characteristic edematous form of severe malnutrition, the inpatient record includes a diagnosis from this group as the principal malnutrition diagnosis alongside other comorbidities. Typical codes: E40

    Related Codes

    E41-NUTRITIONAL-MARASMUS

    ICD-10-CM Code For Nutritional Marasmus: Group Overview

    E42-MARASMIC-KWASHIORKOR

    ICD-10-CM Code For Marasmic Kwashiorkor: Group Overview

    E43-UNSPECIFIED-SEVERE-PROTEIN-CALORIE-MALNUTRITION

    ICD-10-CM Code For Unspecified Severe Protein-Calorie Malnutrition: Group Overview

    E44-PROTEIN-CALORIE-MALNUTRITION

    ICD-10-CM Code For Protein-Calorie Malnutrition Of Moderate And Mild Degree: Group Overview

    E45-RETARDED-DEVELOPMENT-FOLLOWING-PROTEIN-CALORIE-MALNUTRITION

    ICD-10-CM Code For Retarded Development Following Protein Calorie Malnutrition: Group Overview

    E46-UNSPECIFIED-PROTEIN-CALORIE-MALNUTRITION

    ICD-10-CM Code For Unspecified Protein-Calorie Malnutrition: Group Overview

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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