Summary & Overview
CPT 90690: Oral Live Vaccine for Typhoid Fever
CPT code 90690 designates an oral live attenuated vaccine used to prevent typhoid fever. As an oral vaccine product, it is part of preventive and travel-related immunization services and carries clinical importance for populations traveling to endemic regions and for public health preparedness. Nationally, availability and coverage of typhoid vaccines influence travel medicine workflows and preventive care delivery.
Key payers addressed in this analysis include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise review of what CPT code 90690 represents clinically, typical settings where the oral vaccine is administered, and how major payers commonly approach coverage for vaccine services. The publication outlines benchmarks and coding considerations relevant to billing and claims submission, summarizes typical payer policies where available, and provides clinical context for when the oral typhoid vaccine is used. Data not available in the input will be noted explicitly where applicable.
Billing Code Overview
CPT code 90690 represents an oral live attenuated vaccine for typhoid fever. The product is administered orally and contains a weakened form of the bacteria to stimulate protective immunity against typhoid.
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Service type: Vaccination (oral live vaccine)
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Typical site of service: Outpatient clinics, travel medicine clinics, primary care offices, and other ambulatory care settings where oral vaccinations are delivered.
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Clinical & Coding Specifications
Clinical Context
A traveler clinic nurse prepares and dispenses the oral live attenuated typhoid vaccine to an adult patient planning travel to a region with endemic typhoid fever. The patient presents at an outpatient clinic for pre-travel counseling and immunizations 4 weeks before departure. The clinician documents travel itinerary, verifies no contraindications (e.g., immunocompromised status, pregnancy), reviews vaccine history, and confirms informed consent. The vaccine is administered orally per manufacturer instructions, with counseling on storage and follow-up. Vaccine administration is recorded in the immunization record and reported to the state immunization registry if required. Typical site of service is an outpatient clinic, travel medicine clinic, or primary care office; occasionally administered in occupational health or public health vaccination events.
Coding Specifications
| Modifier | Description | When to Use |
|---|---|---|
00 | No modifier | Use when no billing modifier applies. |
22 | Increased procedural services | Use if unusually high work, time, or complexity is required for vaccine counseling or administration beyond typical. |