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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesOther Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ProceduresCPT cpt-78831-spect-multi-region-single-day-localization
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    CPT 78831: SPECT Tumor/Tracer Localization, Multi‑Area Single‑Day

    Medicare pays $434 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 78831 describes a nuclear medicine SPECT localization study performed to identify tumors, inflammatory processes, or the distribution of a radiotracer; vascular flow and blood pool imaging are included if performed. Service type: nuclear medicine imaging (SPECT) with single–day multi–area or separate acquisitions. Typical site of service: hospital outpatient imaging center or freestanding nuclear medicine clinic where multi–region single–day SPECT acquisitions (for example, pelvis and knees or separate lung ventilation and perfusion acquisitions) are performed.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysis, Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family Plans, Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage Criteria.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 58-year-old adult referred from oncology for localization of suspected osseous metastases following rising tumor markers and equivocal planar imaging. The patient arrives at an outpatient nuclear medicine clinic or hospital radiology/nuclear medicine department for a single-day SPECT nuclear imaging study that includes at least two distinct anatomic areas (for example, pelvis and knees) due to multi-site pain and suspected multifocal disease.

    Clinical workflow: referring provider orders 78831 with clinical history and relevant ICD-10 diagnoses. The patient is registered and screened for contraindications and recent radiopharmaceutical administration. A radiopharmacist or technologist prepares and administers the appropriate tracer (commonly technetium-99m labeled agent). Vascular flow and blood-pool imaging are performed if indicated. The technologist acquires SPECT images of the specified areas during the same day in separate acquisitions. A nuclear medicine physician reviews the images, performs image interpretation, documents findings, and signs the report. Billing is submitted using 78831 for single-day SPECT imaging of at least two areas, with appropriate modifier(s) appended when required by payer rules or to indicate specific circumstances of service.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    78803Brain SPECT, tomographic (including cerebrovascular flow), single studyPerformed when dedicated cerebral perfusion SPECT is required; separate anatomic focus than 78831 when brain is imaged
    78830Tomographic (SPECT) imaging during the same day, single areaUsed when only one anatomic area is imaged; 78831 applies when at least two areas or separate acquisitions are performed
    78800Radioisotope angiography, organ or system, planarMay be performed when vascular flow studies accompany tomographic imaging; complements SPECT blood-pool/flow phases
    78195Bone imaging, limited or single area (planar)Planar bone scans are often performed before or alongside SPECT; SPECT (78831) provides tomographic localization for specific areas
    78833Tomographic (SPECT) imaging, multiple areas on separate days (each additional day)Used when SPECT imaging is performed over multiple days rather than single-day multi-area study

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    2085R0001XRadiation Oncology PhysicianA radiologist who deals with the therapeutic applications of radiant energy and its modifiers and the study and management of disease, especially mali…
    2080P0208XPediatric Infectious Diseases PhysicianA pediatrician trained to care for children in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. This specialist can apply specific know…
    3336C0003XCommunity/Retail PharmacyA pharmacy where pharmacists store, prepare, and dispense medicinal preparations and/or prescriptions for a local patient population in accordance wit…
    207L00000XAnesthesiology PhysicianAn anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
    2080P0201XPediatric Allergy/Immunology PhysicianA pediatrician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies, allergic reactions, and immunologic diseases in children.
    2278G0305XGeriatric Care Certified Respiratory TherapistCare of older patients who have age and/or disease related decremental pulmonary changes. Diagnosis and treatment is very important for this group si…
    225000000XOrthotic FitterAn individual trained in the management of fitting prefabricated orthoses.
    207WX0108XUveitis and Ocular Inflammatory Disease (Ophthalmology) PhysicianAn ophthalmologist who specializes in the treatment of intraocular inflammation, scleritis, keratitis and infectious disorders affecting the eye and i…

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    27 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    C34.90Malignant neoplasm of unspecified part of unspecified bronchus or lung
    C50.912Malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of left female breast
    C61Malignant neoplasm of prostate
    C71.9Malignant neoplasm of brain, unspecified
    C79.51Secondary malignant neoplasm of bone
    D49.6Neoplasm of unspecified behavior of brain
    I63.9Cerebral infarction, unspecified
    I82.401Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of right lower extremity
    I89.0Lymphedema, not elsewhere classified
    J18.9Pneumonia, unspecified organism

    Showing 1–10 of 27

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Nephrology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysisCigna2026-08-15
    Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family PlansCigna2026-08-15
    Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage CriteriaBlue Cross Blue Shield - Iowa2026-08-05
    Voyxact (sibeprenlimab-szsl) — Prior authorization / medical necessity for primary IgA nephropathyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Korsuva (difelikefalin) — Medical Benefit Drug Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Oxlumo (lumasiran) and Rivfloza (nedosiran) — Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Complement Inhibitors - EmpaveliCigna2026-08-01
    Nephrology - Filspari (sparsentan) coverageCigna2026-08-01
    Tolvaptan (Jynarque)Cigna2026-08-01
    Rivfloza (nedosiran) prior authorization for PH1UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-78800-PLANAR-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-SINGLE-AREA-TUMOR-LOCALIZATION

    CPT 78800: Planar Nuclear Medicine Imaging, Single Area

    CPT-78801-MULTI-DAY-MULTI-AREA-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-IMAGING

    CPT 78801: Multi-Day/Multi-Area Nuclear Medicine Tumor Localization

    CPT-78802-WHOLE-BODY-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE-IMAGING

    CPT 78802: Whole-Body Nuclear Medicine Imaging for Tumor/Inflammation Localization

    CPT-78803-SPECT-SINGLE-AREA-LOCALIZATION

    CPT 78803: Single-Day SPECT Tumor/Tracer Localization

    CPT-78804-MULTIDAY-WHOLE-BODY-NUCLEAR-IMAGING-GAMMA-TRACER

    CPT 78804: Whole-Body Nuclear Medicine Imaging, Multi-Day

    CPT-78808-RADIOTRACER-INJECTION-GAMMA-PROBE-LOCALIZATION

    CPT 78808: Radioguided Localization with Intravenous Radiotracer

    CPT-78811-TARGETED-PET-LOCALIZED-BODY-REGION

    CPT 78811: PET, limited area imaging

    CPT-78812-FDG-PET-BODY-IMAGING-FOR-ONCOLOGIC-EVALUATION

    CPT 78812: FDG PET Imaging for Detection of Malignant Tumors

    CPT-78813-WHOLE-BODY-PET

    CPT 78813: PET Whole Body Scan

    CPT-78814-PET-CT-TUMOR-LOCALIZATION-METABOLIC-EVALUATION

    CPT 78814: PET/CT Tumor Localization and Metabolic Imaging

    Showing 1–10 of 16

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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