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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures on the Nervous SystemCPT cpt-78610-cerebral-perfusion-nuclear-medicine-study
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    CPT 78610: Brain Perfusion Study with Gamma Tracer

    Medicare pays $109 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 78610 describes a brain perfusion study using a gamma–emitting radioactive tracer to evaluate cerebral blood flow; this is a nuclear medicine diagnostic imaging service typically performed in an outpatient imaging center or hospital nuclear medicine department using tracer injection and gamma camera or SPECT acquisition to generate perfusion images for clinical assessment.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Clinical Review Criteria Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM), Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines (i.e., Nerivio®), Lumbar Microdiscectomy.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult referred by a neurologist or primary care physician for evaluation of cerebral perfusion using a gamma-emitting radiotracer. Common indications include evaluation of suspected cerebrovascular insufficiency after transient ischemic attack or stroke, assessment of cerebral blood flow in dementia workup, pre-surgical mapping for carotid endarterectomy or cerebrovascular bypass, or monitoring of cerebral perfusion after head trauma. The patient arrives to a nuclear medicine outpatient imaging suite or hospital radiology department. The technologist confirms patient identity, reviews contraindications and recent imaging, and establishes IV access for radiotracer injection. A radiopharmaceutical (commonly Tc-99m–labeled tracer) is administered and dynamic or static planar and/or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of the brain are obtained per protocol. A board-certified nuclear medicine physician or radiologist interprets the images, documents findings, and issues a report. Typical site of service is an outpatient imaging center or hospital nuclear medicine department. Service type is diagnostic nuclear medicine study of cerebral perfusion. Typical modifiers used depend on professional vs technical component billing, multiple procedures, unusual procedural services, or provider circumstances.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    78800Radiopharmaceutical localization of tumor or distribution of radiopharmaceutical agent, planar or SPECT; limited, single areaMay be used for limited planar or SPECT radiotracer brain studies or initial localization protocols when applicable.
    78803Radiopharmaceutical localization of tumor or distribution of radiopharmaceutical agent, planar or SPECT; multiple areasUsed when multiple anatomic regions are imaged during the same session; occasionally ordered if concurrent head and neck perfusion imaging is performed.
    78607Cerebral blood flow, receptor study, qualitative (e.g., xenon, other inhaled agents)Alternative cerebral perfusion technique codes; used when different methodologies (e.g., xenon inhalation) are employed.
    70553Magnetic resonance imaging, brain, without and with contrast materialOften obtained before or after perfusion imaging for anatomic correlation in stroke or tumor evaluation.
    70496Computed tomography, perfusion of head/brainCT perfusion is an alternative or complementary modality to evaluate cerebral blood flow in acute stroke settings.

    Related Modifiers

    11 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…

    Showing 1–10 of 11

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207P00000X
    207K00000X
    363L00000X
    207WX0109X
    2086S0122X
    2086S0129X
    207KA0200X
    163W00000X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Neurology/Neurosurgery1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Clinical Review Criteria Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM)Kaiser Permanente2027-01-01
    Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines (i.e., Nerivio®)bcbsvermont2026-11-01
    Lumbar Microdiscectomyuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Artificial Cervical Intervertebral Discuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Decompressionuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Responsive Neurostimulation for Focal EpilepsyPremera Bluecross2026-10-14
    Intraoperative MonitoringProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Intraoperative MonitoringProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    High-Intensity Focused UltrasoundMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-10-01
    Vagal Nerve StimulationAmbetter Nevada2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-78600-BRAIN-NUCLEAR-STATIC-IMAGING-FEWER-THAN-FOUR-VIEWS

    CPT 78600: Nuclear Diagnostic Brain Imaging, <4 Static Views

    CPT-78601-BRAIN-NUCLEAR-PERFUSION-IMAGING-FEWER-THAN-FOUR-STATIC-VIEWS

    CPT 78601: Nuclear Diagnostic Brain Imaging, Static Views and Flow

    CPT-78605-BRAIN-NUCLEAR-STATIC-IMAGING-FOUR-OR-MORE-VIEWS

    CPT 78605: Brain Nuclear Diagnostic Imaging, Four+ Static Views

    CPT-78606-NUCLEAR-BRAIN-IMAGING-STATIC-VIEWS-CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW

    CPT 78606: Brain Nuclear Imaging, Static Views with Flow Evaluation

    CPT-78608-PET-BRAIN-METABOLIC-IMAGING

    CPT 78608: Brain PET for Cerebral Metabolic Imaging

    CPT-78609-PET-BRAIN-IMAGING

    CPT 78609: Brain PET Scan for Function and Perfusion

    CPT-78630-CSF-FLOW-STUDY-HYDROCEPHALUS-LEAK-EVALUATION

    CPT 78630: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Flow Study, Head

    CPT-78635-CSF-FLOW-VENTRICULAR-IMAGING-HYDROCEPHALUS

    CPT 78635: CSF Flow Study for Ventricular Assessment

    CPT-78645-CSF-SHUNT-FLOW-IMAGING

    CPT 78645: CSF Shunt Patency and Flow Imaging Study

    CPT-78650-CSF-LEAK-NUCLEAR-IMAGING-LOCALIZATION

    CPT 78650: Nuclear Medicine Localization of CSF Leak

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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