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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures on the Respiratory SystemCPT cpt-78599-unlisted-respiratory-nuclear-medicine-procedure
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    CPT 78599: Respiratory Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine, Unlisted Procedure

    CPT code 78599 describes an unlisted respiratory diagnostic nuclear medicine procedure used to report a nuclear medicine study of the respiratory system that lacks a specific CPT code; the service type is diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging and the typical site of service is an outpatient hospital or imaging center where radionuclide respiratory scans are performed.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysis, Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family Plans, Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage Criteria.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old patient with progressive dyspnea and suspected chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is referred for a specialized respiratory nuclear medicine study that does not have a specific CPT code. The patient arrives at an outpatient hospital-based nuclear medicine department after referral from a pulmonologist. Pre-procedure assessment includes review of anticoagulation status, allergies to radiopharmaceutical components, and explanation of procedure risks. A radiopharmacist prepares a tailored inhaled or intravenous radiotracer and the nuclear medicine technologist performs positioning, monitoring, and image acquisition using planar and SPECT/CT techniques as clinically indicated. The interpreting nuclear medicine physician documents the study, including tracer type, imaging protocol, any technical modifications, and the diagnostic interpretation. The procedure may be used when anatomic imaging and standard perfusion/ventilation studies are insufficient or when an experimental or modified respiratory diagnostic technique is required. Typical sites of service are outpatient hospital imaging centers or freestanding nuclear medicine facilities. The visit may require coordination with pulmonary medicine, cardiology, and anesthesia for complex patients.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    71045Radiologic examination, chest; single view, frontalOften performed prior to advanced respiratory nuclear studies to provide baseline anatomic information.
    78195Pulmonary ventilation and/or perfusion, quantitative; tomographic (SPECT)Standard ventilation/perfusion tomographic study that may be performed instead of or in conjunction with an unlisted respiratory nuclear medicine procedure.
    78800Radiopharmaceutical localization of pulmonary perfusion (eg, with MAA); planar imagingCommon perfusion imaging technique used alongside specialized or modified respiratory nuclear procedures.
    78801Radiopharmaceutical localization of pulmonary perfusion (eg, with MAA); SPECT imagingSPECT perfusion study frequently paired with ventilation studies or when higher resolution is needed.
    71020Radiologic examination, chest, two viewsAdditional chest radiographs that may be used for correlation with nuclear imaging findings.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    56Modifier ‑56 indicates the reporting provider furnished only the preoperative management for a surgical procedure and did not perform the intraoperative or postoperative care. It is used in…- Use Modifier -56 when a provider performs only the preoperative management in a split‑care situation (one physician manages preop care while a different physician performs the intraoperative…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
    81Modifier -81 indicates a physician served as a minimal assistant surgeon for part—not all—of an operative procedure. Use when a physician’s assisting role is limited and does not represent full…- Use CPT modifier -81 when a physician acts as a minimum assistant surgeon who assists during only part (a limited portion) of an operative procedure; append -81 to the primary surgical CPT code to…
    82Modifier 82 is appended to a surgical CPT code to indicate that an attending physician acted as an assistant because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable. In teaching hospitals it documents…- When to use: Append modifier 82 in teaching-hospital settings to indicate a physician served as an assistant surgeon because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable (includes situations where…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207RH0000X
    2084P0800X
    2085R0202X
    363LF0000X
    363A00000X
    163WD0400X
    364SC2300X
    163WN0002X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Nephrology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysisCigna2026-08-15
    Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family PlansCigna2026-08-15
    Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage CriteriaBlue Cross Blue Shield - Iowa2026-08-05
    Voyxact (sibeprenlimab-szsl) — Prior authorization / medical necessity for primary IgA nephropathyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Oxlumo (lumasiran) and Rivfloza (nedosiran) — Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Korsuva (difelikefalin) — Medical Benefit Drug Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Complement Inhibitors - EmpaveliCigna2026-08-01
    Tolvaptan (Jynarque)Cigna2026-08-01
    Nephrology - Filspari (sparsentan) coverageCigna2026-08-01
    Rivfloza (nedosiran) prior authorization for PH1UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-78579-PULMONARY-VENTILATION-IMAGING-NUCLEAR-SCAN

    CPT 78579: Pulmonary Ventilation Imaging

    CPT-78580-PULMONARY-PERFUSION-NUCLEAR-IMAGING

    CPT 78580: Lung Perfusion Nuclear Imaging for Pulmonary Embolism

    CPT-78582-PULMONARY-VENTILATION-AND-PERFUSION-NUCLEAR-SCAN

    CPT 78582: Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion Nuclear Scan

    CPT-78597-PULMONARY-PERFUSION-QUANTITATIVE-NUCLEAR-SCAN

    CPT 78597: Pulmonary Perfusion Quantitative Blood Flow

    CPT-78598-PULMONARY-VENTILATION-PERFUSION-QUANTITATIVE-SCAN

    CPT 78598: Quantitative Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion Scan

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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