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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures on the Gastrointestinal SystemCPT cpt-78258-esophageal-transit-scintigraphy-esophageal-motility-study
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    CPT 78258: Esophageal Transit Scintigraphy

    Medicare pays $143 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 78258 describes esophageal transit scintigraphy, a nuclear medicine study in which the provider images the esophagus while the patient swallows a radiopharmaceutical in water to evaluate esophageal muscle movement, contractions, and peristalsis; service type: diagnostic nuclear medicine study; typical site of service: hospital outpatient imaging department or freestanding nuclear medicine/diagnostic imaging center.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient for 78258 is an adult referred by a gastroenterologist for evaluation of dysphagia, suspected esophageal motility disorder, or unexplained chest pain after endoscopic and manometric tests are inconclusive. The patient presents to a nuclear medicine or radiology outpatient department. After confirming indications and obtaining consent, the technologist instructs the patient to fast per protocol and to swallow a small bolus of water labeled with a radiopharmaceutical tracer (commonly Tc-99m sulfur colloid or Tc-99m sulfur colloid in water). The provider positions the gamma camera over the thoracic esophagus and acquires a rapid sequence of anterior images to capture bolus transit and peristaltic activity.

    Image series are reviewed by the interpreting nuclear medicine physician or radiologist to calculate transit times, quantify retention, and identify abnormal peristalsis or stasis. Results are documented in the radiology report and communicated to the referring gastroenterologist for correlation with clinical findings, manometry, and endoscopy. Typical sites of service are outpatient nuclear medicine departments, hospital radiology/nuclear medicine suites, or freestanding imaging centers. The service type is a diagnostic nuclear medicine esophageal transit scintigraphy study.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    71045Radiologic examination, chest; single view, frontalMay be obtained to evaluate cardiopulmonary causes of chest pain prior to or concurrent with the esophageal study.
    43235Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy, diagnosticPerformed by gastroenterology when structural lesions or mucosal disease are suspected and to correlate with motility findings.
    91112Gastrointestinal transit and motility studies; esophageal manometryEsophageal manometry is a complementary test to evaluate motility and sphincter function alongside 78258.
    78258Esophageal transit scintigraphyThis is the index diagnostic nuclear medicine procedure to evaluate esophageal transit and peristalsis.

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207P00000X
    207R00000X
    207K00000X
    163W00000X
    163WX0601X
    156FC0801X
    261QF0050X
    208M00000X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-78201-LIVER-SPLEEN-SCAN-DIAGNOSTIC-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78201: Liver and Spleen Scan

    CPT-78202-LIVER-SPLEEN-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78202: Liver and Spleen Scan

    CPT-78215-LIVER-SPLEEN-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78215: Liver and Spleen Scan, Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

    CPT-78216-LIVER-SPLEEN-SCAN-DIAGNOSTIC-IMAGING

    CPT 78216: Liver and Spleen Scan

    CPT-78226-HEPATOBILIARY-SCINTIGRAPHY-HEPATOBILIARY-IMAGING

    CPT 78226: Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy (Hepatobiliary Imaging)

    CPT-78227-HEPATOBILIARY-SCINTIGRAPHY-LIVER-BILE-GALLBLADDER-IMAGING

    CPT 78227: Hepatobiliary (Cholescintigraphy) Scan

    CPT-78230-SALIVARY-GLAND-NUCLEAR-IMAGING

    CPT 78230: Salivary Gland Imaging with Radiotracer

    CPT-78231-SALIVARY-GLAND-NUCLEAR-IMAGING-SERIAL-IMAGES

    CPT 78231: Salivary Gland Scintigraphy, Serial Imaging

    CPT-78232-SALIVARY-GLAND-SCINTIGRAPHY-PAROTID-FUNCTION

    CPT 78232: Salivary Gland Scintigraphy (Parotid Gland Scan)

    CPT-78261-GASTRIC-MUCOSA-RADIONUCLIDE-IMAGING

    CPT 78261: Gastric Mucosa Nuclear Imaging

    Showing 1–10 of 21

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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