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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures on the Gastrointestinal SystemCPT cpt-78216-liver-spleen-scan-diagnostic-imaging
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    CPT 78216: Liver and Spleen Scan

    Medicare pays $92 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 78216 describes a liver and spleen scan, a specialized nuclear medicine imaging procedure performed to evaluate hepatic and splenic structure and function; typical service type is diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging and the typical site of service is an outpatient radiology or nuclear medicine department where radiotracer administration and scintigraphic imaging are performed.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 58-year-old male with a history of chronic liver disease who presents with persistent right upper quadrant pain, abnormal liver function tests, and clinical concern for focal hepatic lesions or splenic pathology. After initial laboratory evaluation and abdominal ultrasound are inconclusive for lesion characterization or functional assessment, the treating hepatologist or nuclear medicine physician orders a radionuclide liver and spleen scan to evaluate for focal hepatic perfusion defects, hemangioma characterization, splenic sequestration, or suspected splenic infarct.

    The clinical workflow: the ordering provider (commonly a gastroenterologist, hepatologist, or primary care physician) documents the indication and obtains informed consent. The patient arrives to the radiology or nuclear medicine outpatient suite (typical site of service: hospital outpatient department, freestanding imaging center, or inpatient nursing unit if admitted). A technologist administers the radiopharmaceutical intravenously and acquires planar and/or SPECT images of the liver and spleen per institutional protocol. A nuclear medicine physician interprets the study and issues a report documenting findings and impression. Results are communicated to the ordering provider for further management decisions.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    78216Liver and spleen scanPrimary procedure: radionuclide imaging to assess liver and spleen structure and function
    78800Radiopharmaceutical therapy, not otherwise classified (diagnostic and therapeutic)May precede or follow diagnostic scans when additional nuclear medicine procedures are required
    76700Ultrasound, abdominal, real time with image documentation; limitedOften used as an initial imaging modality for hepatic or splenic abnormalities before radionuclide scan
    74177CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast, if performedCross-sectional imaging frequently used to further characterize focal lesions identified on nuclear scan
    78215Lacrimal canaliculus/salivary/gland imaging (note: different region)Data not available in the input.

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207RH0000X
    207RC0000X
    208000000X
    163W00000X
    2080P0207X
    367A00000X
    2080P0202X
    207QH0002X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    26 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    B18.2Chronic viral hepatitis C
    B18.9Chronic viral hepatitis, unspecified
    B19.10Unspecified viral hepatitis B without hepatic coma
    C22.0Liver cell carcinoma
    C22.1Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
    C22.9Malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary
    E83.39Other disorders of phosphorus metabolism
    I85.00Esophageal varices without bleeding
    I85.01Esophageal varices with bleeding
    I85.11Secondary esophageal varices with bleeding

    Showing 1–10 of 26

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-78201-LIVER-SPLEEN-SCAN-DIAGNOSTIC-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78201: Liver and Spleen Scan

    CPT-78202-LIVER-SPLEEN-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78202: Liver and Spleen Scan

    CPT-78215-LIVER-SPLEEN-SCAN-NUCLEAR-MEDICINE

    CPT 78215: Liver and Spleen Scan, Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

    CPT-78226-HEPATOBILIARY-SCINTIGRAPHY-HEPATOBILIARY-IMAGING

    CPT 78226: Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy (Hepatobiliary Imaging)

    CPT-78227-HEPATOBILIARY-SCINTIGRAPHY-LIVER-BILE-GALLBLADDER-IMAGING

    CPT 78227: Hepatobiliary (Cholescintigraphy) Scan

    CPT-78230-SALIVARY-GLAND-NUCLEAR-IMAGING

    CPT 78230: Salivary Gland Imaging with Radiotracer

    CPT-78231-SALIVARY-GLAND-NUCLEAR-IMAGING-SERIAL-IMAGES

    CPT 78231: Salivary Gland Scintigraphy, Serial Imaging

    CPT-78232-SALIVARY-GLAND-SCINTIGRAPHY-PAROTID-FUNCTION

    CPT 78232: Salivary Gland Scintigraphy (Parotid Gland Scan)

    CPT-78258-ESOPHAGEAL-TRANSIT-SCINTIGRAPHY-ESOPHAGEAL-MOTILITY-STUDY

    CPT 78258: Esophageal Transit Scintigraphy

    CPT-78261-GASTRIC-MUCOSA-RADIONUCLIDE-IMAGING

    CPT 78261: Gastric Mucosa Nuclear Imaging

    Showing 1–10 of 21

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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