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    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal Glands, Pancreas, and Carotid BodyCPT cpt-60540-adrenal-exploration-or-removal-adrenalectomy-for-malignancy
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    CPT 60540: Exploration or Removal of Adrenal Gland(s)

    Medicare pays $1022 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 60540 describes exploration or removal of one or both adrenal glands (adrenalectomy), performed via open or other surgical approaches and including biopsy when done, typically as a surgical procedure to investigate or treat adrenal malignancy; service type: surgical adrenal procedure; typical site of service: inpatient or outpatient operating room / surgical suite.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Diabetic Supplies, Radiofrequency Ablation for Thyroid Nodules, Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Delivery for Managing Diabetes (for Idaho Only).

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 54-year-old patient presents with an incidentally discovered 4.2 cm adrenal mass on abdominal CT obtained for vague flank pain. Endocrine evaluation shows no aldosterone or cortisol excess, but imaging raises concern for adrenal cortical carcinoma versus metastatic disease given irregular margins and heterogeneous enhancement. The surgical team schedules an adrenalectomy to obtain a definitive diagnosis and treat suspected malignancy. Preoperative workflow includes cross-sectional imaging review, endocrine workup, anesthesia clearance, and informed consent documenting risk of blood loss, hormone disturbance, and potential need for open conversion. The procedure is performed in an operating room under general anesthesia with the patient in lateral decubitus position. The surgeon may perform a laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy with possible conversion to open resection if oncologic principles require wider exposure. Intraoperative frozen section or biopsy may be performed if indicated. Postoperative care includes monitoring for hemodynamic instability, electrolyte abnormalities, pain control, and endocrine consultation for adrenal insufficiency risk. Discharge planning addresses wound care, activity restrictions, and follow-up imaging and pathology review.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    60540Exploration or removal of one or both adrenal glands; includes various approaches and biopsy when performedPrimary code for adrenal exploration/removal for investigation or treatment of adrenal malignancy.
    49320Laparoscopy, abdomen, peritoneum, diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing (separate procedure)May be performed prior to or at the time of adrenalectomy for assessment of peritoneal disease.
    38500Biopsy or excision of lymph node(s); open, superficialPerformed when regional lymph nodes are sampled for staging of suspected adrenal malignancy.
    44120Enterolysis (separation of intestinal adhesions), single or multipleMay be required if dense adhesions are encountered during open adrenalectomy, increasing operative time and complexity.
    76942Ultrasonic guidance for needle placement (e.g., for biopsy)Used if percutaneous biopsy/aspiration of an adrenal lesion is performed under ultrasound guidance prior to surgical planning.

    Related Modifiers

    11 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    63Modifier‑63 is appended to surgical CPT codes (20000–69990) when a procedure is performed on a neonate or infant weighing ≤ 4 kg (about 8.8 lbs). The AMA/AAPC definition specifies this use and notes…- Use modifier -63 only for surgical procedures in the CPT 20000–69990 series performed on a neonate or infant who weighs ≤ 4 kg at the time of the procedure; it indicates increased complexity due to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Showing 1–10 of 11

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207QB0505X
    261QM1100X
    374700000X
    207RH0000X
    364SX0204X
    156FX1202X
    225XG0600X
    364SP0811X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Endocrinology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Diabetic SuppliesCigna2026-10-15
    Radiofrequency Ablation for Thyroid NodulesCigna2026-10-15
    Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Delivery for Managing Diabetes (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Tzield (teplizumab-mzwv) CoverageUnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Delivery for Managing Diabetes (for Indiana Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines Insulin PumpsMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-10-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines: Continuous Glucose MonitorsMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-10-01
    Continuous Glucose MonitoringAmbetter Nevada2026-10-01
    Salivary Hormone TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Bone Turnover Markers TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-60500-PARATHYROID-EXPLORATION-PARATHYROIDECTOMY

    CPT 60500: Parathyroid Exploration and Parathyroidectomy

    CPT-60502-PARATHYROIDECTOMY-EXCISION-PARATHYROID-GLAND

    CPT 60502: Parathyroidectomy, Removal of One or More Parathyroid Glands

    CPT-60505-PARATHYROID-GLAND-EXCISION-OR-EXPLORATION

    CPT 60505: Parathyroid Exploration or Resection

    CPT-60512-PARATHYROID-AUTOTRANSPLANTATION-DURING-THYROID-OR-PARATHYROID-SURGERY

    CPT 60512: Parathyroid Autotransplantation into Muscle Pocket

    CPT-60520-THYMECTOMY-THYMUS-GLAND-RESECTION

    CPT 60520: Thymectomy, Partial or Total

    CPT-60521-THYMECTOMY-PARTIAL-OR-TOTAL-FOR-THYMOMA

    CPT 60521: Partial or Total Thymectomy

    CPT-60522-THYMECTOMY-OPEN-STERNOTOMY-THORACOTOMY

    CPT 60522: Thymectomy via Sternotomy or Thoracotomy

    CPT-60545-ADRENAL-EXPLORATION-REMOVAL-ADRENALECTOMY

    CPT 60545: Adrenal Gland Exploration or Removal

    CPT-60600-CAROTID-BODY-TUMOR-EXCISION

    CPT 60600: Carotid Body Tumor Resection, Bifurcation

    CPT-60605-CAROTID-BODY-TUMOR-EXCISION-WITH-CAROTID-ARTERY-RESECTION

    CPT 60605: Carotid Body Tumor Resection with Carotid Excision

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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