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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the TestisCPT cpt-54505-open-surgical-testicular-biopsy
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    CPT 54505: Open Scrotal Testicular Biopsy

    Medicare pays $197 and commercial payers pay $1442 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 54505 describes an open surgical testicular biopsy in which the provider removes a tissue sample from one or both testicles through an open incision in the scrotum for pathologic examination; service type is surgical biopsy, and the typical site of service is an operating room or procedure room with scrotal incision under appropriate anesthesia for outpatient or inpatient care as clinically indicated.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Removal of Implantable, Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Service, Surgical Procedures.

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    National Reimbursement Benchmarks

    Commercial averages sit well above Medicare: Blue Cross Blue Shield’s mean ($2,302.60) and BUCA’s mean ($1,442.00) notably exceed Medicare’s mean ($197.20), indicating a substantial gap between commercial and government reimbursement for CPT 54505. UnitedHealth Group ($372.40), Cigna ($357.50), and Aetna ($154.10) occupy intermediate positions, with Aetna closer to Medicare and UnitedHealth Group and Cigna closer to BUCA’s lower commercial band.

    Dispersion varies widely: Blue Cross Blue Shield has the largest interquartile spread (P75–P25 = $3,589.90 − $454.10 = $3,135.80), followed by UnitedHealth Group ($465.10 − $231.10 = $234.00) and BUCA ($2,214.70 − $330.80 = $1,883.90). The tightest distribution is Aetna ($222.00 − $44.40 = $177.60), then Cigna ($456.10 − $224.00 = $232.10). These differences highlight substantial variability in commercial market pricing versus Medicare’s much narrower local range (P75–P25 = $203 − $189 = $14).

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    National Payer Mean Reimbursement Rates

    State Reimbursement Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 51

    Rate by payer

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 34-year-old man presents to a urology clinic with a firm, non-tender testicular mass discovered on self-exam. Scrotal ultrasound demonstrates a suspicious intratesticular lesion. After preoperative evaluation, the urologist schedules an open scrotal biopsy for tissue diagnosis. The procedure, coded as 54505, is performed in an ambulatory surgery center or hospital outpatient department with the patient under monitored anesthesia care or general anesthesia. The operative workflow includes informed consent, surgical site preparation, a small scrotal incision, excision of tissue from one or both testicles, hemostasis, and closure. The specimen is sent to pathology for microscopic examination to confirm benign versus malignant etiology (for example, to clarify a possible C62.9). Postoperative recovery includes brief observation for pain, bleeding, and swelling, discharge instructions for scrotal support and activity limitations, and follow-up for pathology results and potential definitive therapy planning.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    54500Biopsy of testis, needle (separate procedure)Less invasive alternative diagnostic biopsy; may be performed instead of or prior to open biopsy when appropriate.

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    54Modifier ‑54 (“Surgical care only”) is appended to a CPT surgical procedure when the reporting surgeon performs the intraoperative (surgical) component but does not furnish the preoperative and/or…- Use modifier -54 when the reporting surgeon provided only the intraoperative (surgical) component of a procedure and preoperative and/or postoperative management has been or will be provided by…
    55Modifier –55 indicates the billing provider furnished only postoperative management for a procedure that has a global surgical period. According to AAPC, this modifier is appended to the same CPT…- Use modifier -55 when billing the same CPT surgical code that has a 10- or 90-day global period and you, as a provider other than the original surgeon, furnished ONLY postoperative management (no…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    73Modifier 73 indicates a facility-level outpatient hospital or ASC procedure that was discontinued after the patient was prepared and taken to the procedure/operating room but before any anesthesia…- When to use: Apply CPT modifier 73 on the FACILITY (outpatient hospital or ASC) claim when the patient has been fully prepared and physically taken into the procedure/operating room but the…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208800000X
    208C00000X
    207XS0117X
    163WW0101X
    208600000X
    261QA0005X
    122400000X
    261QR0206X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    5 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    N50.9Disorder of male genital organs, unspecified
    C62.9
    N43.3Hydrocele, unspecified
    N45.1Epididymitis
    N44.00Torsion of testis, unspecified

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: General Surgery1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Removal of ImplantableBlue Cross Blue Shield - Rhode Island2026-10-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of ServiceUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Surgical ProceduresUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Site of Service for Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (ASC Select)Premera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines Inpatient Surgical CareMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-08-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Servicesierra health and life2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-54500-TESTICULAR-NEEDLE-BIOPSY

    CPT 54500: Testicular Needle Biopsy, Percutaneous

    CPT-54512-EXCISION-TESTIS-LESION-NON-PARENCHYMAL

    CPT 54512: Excision of Nonparenchymal Testicular Lesion

    CPT-54520-ORCHIECTOMY-SCROTAL-INGUINAL-APPROACH

    CPT 54520: Orchiectomy with or without Testicular Prosthesis

    CPT-54522-PARTIAL-EXCISION-TESTIS-BENIGN-TUMOR-CYST

    CPT 54522: Partial Excision of One or Both Testes for Benign Tumor or Cyst

    CPT-54530-RADICAL-INGUINAL-ORCHIECTOMY-TESTICULAR-TUMOR

    CPT 54530: Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy for Testicular Tumor

    CPT-54535-RADICAL-ORCHIECTOMY-ABDOMINAL-EXPLORATION

    CPT 54535: Orchiectomy with Abdominal Exploration for Tumor

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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    Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

    54512Excise lesion testisDefinitive excision of a testicular lesion; may follow biopsy if lesion requires removal.
    54520Removal of testisComplete orchiectomy; therapeutic option if malignancy is confirmed or strongly suspected.
    54522Orchiectomy, partialPartial removal of testicular tissue for benign or focal lesions when organ-sparing surgery is indicated.
    54530Removal of testisAnother code variant for orchiectomy (per input list); used for complete testis removal in definitive management.
    54535Extensive testis surgeryFor more complex or extensive surgical procedures involving the testis beyond a simple biopsy.
    54550Exploration for testisDiagnostic exploration of the scrotum/testis; may be performed when diagnosis is uncertain or to locate nonpalpable lesions.