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    OpenPayerBilling CodesEndoscopy Procedures on the KidneyCPT cpt-50561-percutaneous-renal-endoscopy-stone-foreign-body-removal
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    CPT 50561: Percutaneous Nephroscopy with Stone/Foreign Body Removal

    Medicare pays $507 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 50561 describes endoscopic examination and removal of a stone or foreign body via a previously established tract between the kidney collecting system or renal pelvis and the exterior, representing a percutaneous nephroscopy procedure (service type: therapeutic endoscopic removal) typically performed in an operating room or interventional suite as an inpatient or outpatient surgical service at a hospital or ambulatory surgery center.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysis, Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family Plans, Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage Criteria.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 52-year-old patient with a history of recurrent nephrolithiasis presents with flank pain, hematuria, and imaging demonstrating a retained renal pelvic stone accessible via a previously created percutaneous nephrostomy tract. The patient is brought to the operating room, placed in the prone position, and the interventional urologist accesses the existing nephrostomy or pyelostomy tract. Using a flexible or rigid nephroscope, the provider inspects the renal collecting system including the renal pelvis and ureter, locates the stone or foreign body, and extracts it using forceps, baskets, or intracorporeal lithotripsy as needed. The procedure may be performed under general or regional anesthesia; intraoperative fluoroscopy and endoscopic visualization confirm complete removal. Post-procedure care includes monitoring for bleeding, infection, and ensuring patency of any nephrostomy tube or ureteral stent placed during the case.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    50561Insertion of endoscope through previously established nephrostomy tract; examination and removal of foreign body or stonePrimary procedure code for endoscopic examination and removal via a preexisting opening
    50430Percutaneous nephrostomy, catheter placement, with radiological supervision and interpretationMay precede 50561 when a new nephrostomy tract is created prior to definitive endoscopic removal
    52332Cystoscopy, with ureteroscopy and/or pyeloscopy; with removal of calculus from ureter or renal pelvisAlternative or adjunctive endoscopic approach via the lower urinary tract for stone removal
    50080Lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave (ESWL)Noninvasive treatment that may be attempted prior to percutaneous endoscopic removal
    52332Cystoscopy with ureteroscopy (duplicate shown above)Data duplication intentional to reflect common alternative approach

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208800000X
    207L00000X
    208D00000X
    282N00000X
    363AS0400X
    207RG0100X
    207RA0401X
    363LP0808X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    27 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    N10Acute pyelonephritis
    N11.0Nonobstructive reflux-associated chronic pyelonephritis
    N11.1Chronic obstructive pyelonephritis
    N13.6Pyonephrosis
    N13.8Other obstructive and reflux uropathy
    N20.0Calculus of kidney
    N20.1Calculus of ureter
    N20.2Calculus of kidney with calculus of ureter
    N20.9Urinary calculus, unspecified
    N21.0Calculus in bladder

    Showing 1–10 of 27

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Nephrology1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysisCigna2026-08-15
    Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family PlansCigna2026-08-15
    Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage CriteriaBlue Cross Blue Shield - Iowa2026-08-05
    Voyxact (sibeprenlimab-szsl) — Prior authorization / medical necessity for primary IgA nephropathyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Oxlumo (lumasiran) and Rivfloza (nedosiran) — Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Korsuva (difelikefalin) — Medical Benefit Drug Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Complement Inhibitors - EmpaveliCigna2026-08-01
    Tolvaptan (Jynarque)Cigna2026-08-01
    Nephrology - Filspari (sparsentan) coverageCigna2026-08-01
    Rivfloza (nedosiran) prior authorization for PH1UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-50551-ENDOSCOPIC-EXAMINATION-KIDNEY-RENAL-PELVIS-URETER

    CPT 50551: Endoscopic Examination of Kidney via Existing Nephrostomy

    CPT-50553-ENDOSCOPIC-EXAMINATION-KIDNEY-RENAL-PELVIS-CATHETER

    CPT 50553: Nephroscopy Through Established Percutaneous/Pyelostomy Tract

    CPT-50555-RENAL-ENDOSCOPY-PYELOSCOPIC-BIOPSY

    CPT 50555: Nephroscopy with Biopsy via Established Access

    CPT-50557-ENDOSCOPIC-RENAL-PROCEDURE-TISSUE-DESTRUCTION-INCISION

    CPT 50557: Percutaneous Nephroscopy With Tissue Destruction/Incision

    CPT-50562-ENDOSCOPIC-RENAL-TUMOR-REMOVAL

    CPT 50562: Nephroscopy With Tumor Removal

    CPT-50570-PERCUTANEOUS-ENDOSCOPIC-RENAL-VISUALIZATION

    CPT 50570: Nephrostomy with Endoscopic Evaluation

    CPT-50572-ENDOSCOPIC-EXAMINATION-KIDNEY-RENAL-PELVIS-URETER

    CPT 50572: Nephrostomy Endoscope Examination of Kidney and Renal Pelvis

    CPT-50574-PERCUTANEOUS-ENDOSCOPIC-RENAL-EVALUATION-BIOPSY

    CPT 50574: Endoscopic Examination of Kidney with Biopsy

    CPT-50575-ANTEGRADE-ENDOPYELOTOMY-UPJ-STRICTURE

    CPT 50575: Antegrade Endopyelotomy for UPJ Stricture

    CPT-50576-ENDOSCOPIC-RENAL-PELVIS-EVALUATION-BIOPSY-ABLATION

    CPT 50576: Percutaneous Nephroscopy with Biopsy and Ablation

    Showing 1–10 of 11

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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